{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T03:24:44Z","timestamp":1789788284457,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low\u2010field MRI has been assumed to be implant\u2010friendly based on limited studies. However, radiofrequency (RF)\u2013induced heating due to an implant is a complex resonance phenomenon, highly dependent on the implant's configurations and applied RF frequencies. This study aims to evaluate the RF heating of deep brain stimulation (DBS) implants during MRI at low field strengths compared with higher\u2010field 1.5T MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A commercial DBS implant was used in full system as well as lead\u2010only configurations to evaluate and compare RF heating during MRI at 0.55 T and 1.5\u2009T. The transfer function of the device was measured and validated at each of the frequencies, which was then used for prediction of RF heating with realistic DBS configurations at head, chest, and abdomen imaging landmarks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For the lead\u2010only case, the RF heating due to the DBS was substantially smaller during imaging at 0.55\u2009T compared with that at 1.5\u2009T. However, for the full DBS system (longer implant), the RF heating at 0.55\u2009T was comparable to, and for some cases even higher than, that at 1.5\u2009T, reaching a level that poses risk of tissue damage in patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although RF heating generally tends to be lower at low\u2010field MRI, the case with longer implanted leads demands extra caution, due to the higher possibility of matching resonant condition at low\u2010field\u2010strength frequencies. Thus, specific risk evaluation for each implant and configuration is required rather than assuming that lower field strength imaging is safer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T13:47:04Z","timestamp":1745848024000},"page":"785-796","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Comparative study of\n                    <scp>radiofrequency<\/scp>\n                    heating in deep brain stimulation devices during\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    at 1.5 T and 0.55\u2009T: Challenging the assumption of safety at low field strengths"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4404-9784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhumi","family":"Bhusal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia Panravi","family":"Sanpitak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4161-6269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuchang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Seiberlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua M.","family":"Rosenow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behzad","family":"Elahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery Loyola University Medical Center  Maywood Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3869-6114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laleh","family":"Golestanirad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"WHO.Aging and Health.2022. Accessed April 04 2025.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/ageing\u2010and\u2010health#:\u223c:text=By%202030%2C%201%20in%206 will%20double%20(2.1%20billion)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Active implantable medical devices market size share & trends analysis report frecasts 2023\u20132031. Accessed April 04 2025.https:\/\/straitsresearch.com\/report\/active\u2010implantable\u2010medical\u2010devices\u2010market#:\u223c:text=Market%20Overview USD%2022.65%20billion%20in%202022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000444760"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278187"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24316"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.8.JNS23580"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"SteensmaBR TokayaJP StijnmanPR ErturkMA van denBergCA RaaijmakersAJ.Effect of transmit frequency on RF heating on metallic implants. 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