{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T04:52:19Z","timestamp":1788670339684,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,6]],"date-time":"2025-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000196","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["34038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["34038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN\u20102019\u201006137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN\u20102019\u201006137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To optimize manganese\u2010enhanced MRI (MEMRI) in mice by profiling the time\u2010course biodistribution and associated T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> contrast enhancement of MnCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> injected subcutaneously to avoid abrupt spikes in blood manganese levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Manganese (Mn) biodistribution and Mn\u2010induced T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> contrast in healthy female adult CD\u20101 mice were investigated at two doses (0.2 and 0.4\u2009mmol\/kg) and 2, 6, and 24\u2009h following injection. T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010weighted MRI and T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> mapping were performed at 3\u2009T. The heart, liver, kidneys, leg skeletal muscle, lungs, spleen, and blood were collected and quantified for Mn content using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Toxicity was assessed on hematoxylin and eosin histological sections of the heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, and spleen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An injection dose of 0.2\u2009mmol\/kg produced significant T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> enhancement in the heart, liver, and kidneys, reaching peak enhancement at 2\u2009h following injection. Doubling the dose did not produce further T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> enhancement in the heart, liver, nor kidneys. Skeletal muscle reached peak enhancement at 24\u2009h and required an injection dose of 0.4\u2009mmol\/kg. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy\u2013measured tissue\u2010level Mn content corroborated MRI results and revealed peak Mn concentration also at 2\u2009h following injection in the spleen, lungs, and blood. No organ toxicity was observed at either dose on histology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The subcutaneous injection route provided substantial T<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> contrast enhancement in all tissues investigated, without toxicity at the maximum dose of 0.4\u2009mmol\/kg tested. However, the injection dose and optimal postinjection imaging interval must be tailored to the organ of interest.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:10:26Z","timestamp":1743984626000},"page":"1227-1236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Time\u2010course manganese chloride biodistribution and manganese\u2010induced <scp>MRI<\/scp> contrast in mouse organs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6282-1357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keyu","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Translational Biology &amp; Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle D. 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