{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T01:51:29Z","timestamp":1780451489938,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although clinical 7T MRI offers various advantages compared to lower field strengths, achieving spatially uniform flip angle distributions remains a challenge. Sampling Perfection with Application optimized Contrast using different flip angle Evolution (SPACE) sequences employing a long train of refocusing pulses with varying flip angles pose a particular challenge in that regard. In this study, we investigate scalable dynamic parallel transmission (pTx) pulses to achieve homogeneous 3D high\u2010resolution SPACE brain imaging at 7T.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Non\u2010parametrized and scalable dynamic pTx pulses were designed for excitation, refocusing and inversion in SPACE sequences by using fast online customization (FOCUS). First, a database of B\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      and multi\u2010channel  maps were used for optimizing universal pulses and parameters for flip angle homogeneity under strict specific absorption rate (SAR) constraints. During each new examination, B\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      and  maps were acquired as additional calibration step and pTx pulses were tailored to the subject. For scalability, a symmetry condition was enforced. T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      , T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      , fluid\u2010attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and double inversion recovery (DIR) SPACE images were acquired in five healthy subjects at 7T using the proposed FOCUS pulses and conventional circularly polarized (CP) pulses for comparison.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Improved SNR and better image homogeneity were observed in every image acquired with FOCUS pulses in comparison to CP. Quantitative analysis showed a significant reduction in the coefficient of variation (COV) of image intensities in the cerebellum, a region notably affected by  inhomogeneities across all contrasts. FLAIR images, for example, exhibited a 46% COV reduction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individually optimized dynamic pTx pulses for 3D high\u2010resolution SPACE imaging delivered clinically acceptable image homogeneity, enabling the application of widely used clinical contrasts at 7T.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T06:40:26Z","timestamp":1748068826000},"page":"1616-1625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Individually optimized dynamic parallel transmit pulses for\n                    <scp>3D<\/scp>\n                    high\u2010resolution\n                    <scp>SPACE<\/scp>\n                    imaging at\n                    <scp>7T<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8449-6634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Franco","family":"Piredda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Innovation Hub Siemens Healthineers International AG  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Sleight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Innovation Hub Siemens Healthineers International AG  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"LTS5, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Klauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Innovation Hub Siemens Healthineers International AG  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Pato Montemayor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Innovation Hub Siemens Healthineers International AG  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"LTS5, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Philippe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Innovation Hub Siemens Healthineers International AG  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"LTS5, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Bacha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Innovation Hub Siemens Healthineers International AG  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"LTS5, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Di Noto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Innovation Hub Siemens Healthineers International AG  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"LTS5, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9n\u00e9dicte","family":"Mar\u00e9chal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Innovation Hub Siemens Healthineers International AG  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"LTS5, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7342-3715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick A.","family":"Liebig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siemens Healthineers AG  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Nickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siemens Healthineers AG  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Kober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siemens Healthineers AG  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8207-4908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Hilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Innovation Hub Siemens Healthineers International AG  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"LTS5, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin M.","family":"Heidemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siemens Healthineers AG  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4620-8216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Herrler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Siemens Healthineers AG  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25677"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4180"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.23.29342"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16557"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnmrs.2018.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27645"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24542"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3313"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106560\/aca4b7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24153"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28643"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22978"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24805"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334\u2010016\u20100545\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1716296"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28441"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30212"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22423"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"4097","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine","author":"Herrler J","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.23118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2021.106941"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","unstructured":"DawoodP BlaimerM HerrlerJ et al.Controlling sharpness SNR and SAR for 3D FSE at 7T by end\u2010to\u2010end learning.arXiv. 2024:2409.20251."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334\u2010024\u201001149\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30346"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A8382"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099\u20101492(199712)10:8<423::AID\u2010NBM488>3.0.CO;2\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","first-page":"3169","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26977"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29540"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2009.2035616"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21700"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25192"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29497"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28667"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30014"}],"container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.30565","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mrm.30565","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.30565","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T22:56:23Z","timestamp":1777762583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrm.30565"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrm.30565"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.30565","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-3194","1522-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-3194","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}