{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T03:03:46Z","timestamp":1763780626733,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Develop and illustrate a 3D double half\u2010echo Cartesian UTE method for spin\u2010density weighted imaging of the lung parenchyma and calculation of lung water density (LWD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 3D gradient\u2010echo pulse sequence was modified to acquire half\u2010echoes, to enable UTEs (TE\/TR\u2009=\u2009145\u2009\u03bcs\/1.2\u2009ms), with an acquired resolution of 3.125\u2009mm by 3.125\u2009mm by 5\u2009mm. Breath\u2010hold (12.9\u2009s) and free\u2010breathing (94\u2009s) acquisitions, using a center of k\u2010space navigator, were compared to a previously validated yarnball UTE sequence (1.5T\/2.89T). Apparent SNR in the lung parenchyma was measured for all in\u2010vivo acquisitions. Illustrative clinical cases included heart failure and sarcoidosis with a comparison to CT images.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Lung image quality and calculated LWD was similar for all compared methods at 1.5T and 2.89T for breath\u2010hold and free\u2010breathing acquisitions (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200910,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05), with no visible artifacts. The mean lung parenchyma SNR values were 18.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4, 21.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7 and 15.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0 for 1.5T free\u2010breathing, 2.89T free\u2010breathing and 2.89T breath\u2010hold, respectively, and 20.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1 for yarnball acquisitions (2.89T), with corresponding average LWD values of 26.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9%, 27.1\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5%, 27.1\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1% and 27.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.7%. MRI LWD images and CT scans yielded similar image contrast and normalized signal intensity units. All Cartesian UTE images were reconstructed on the scanner without the requirement for gridding.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A double half\u2010echo Cartesian UTE pulse sequence provides water\u2010density weighted images of the lung parenchyma in a breath\u2010hold or short free\u2010breathing acquisition with sufficient signal to noise for quantification of LWD at 1.5T or 2.89T.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T07:24:29Z","timestamp":1758007469000},"page":"101-111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["3D Cartesian ultrashort double half\u2010echo imaging of the lung parenchyma for water density imaging"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3319-4377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard B.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging University of Alberta   Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Keen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Coulden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging University of Alberta   Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hefin","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging University of Alberta   Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6223-5222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert W.","family":"Stobbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging University of Alberta   Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin G.","family":"Grenier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging University of Alberta   Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27122"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720\u2010048X(98)00169\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22829"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.07.787"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968\u2010019\u20100567\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201099816\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29716"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20220723"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28119"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26212"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2018.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20796"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28800"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28536"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25841"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2015.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26602"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25406"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3112143"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2022.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4458"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/iim.10.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21813"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10501"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2586(199906)9:6<847::AID-JMRI13>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25673"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings 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