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The ASE signal equation was extended to account for a locally varying temporal offset  between the spin echo and echo time due to MFGs. The impact on estimated quantitative blood oxygen level dependent (qBOLD) parameters was assessed using simulations. A  map and ASE images with four different phase\u2010encoding directions and two different parallel\u2010imaging factors were acquired from 2 healthy volunteers. A robust linear regression was performed between the signal dependence on the phase\u2010encoding direction and MFGs calculated based on the  map to test the derived signal equation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Simulated qBOLD parameters were substantially modified by the local . The volunteer images showed a logarithmic signal intensity ratio between images acquired with reversed phase\u2010encoding directions that showed a linear dependence on both the calculated MFGs in the phase\u2010encoding direction and the nominal temporal offset . The effect was strongly reduced for the images with the higher parallel\u2010imaging factor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effects of phase\u2010encoding\u2010direction MFGs on volunteer ASE images is consistent with the proposed signal model and relevant for qBOLD measurements. This highlights the necessity to correct or mitigate in\u2010plane MFGs in ASE EPI, such as using a high parallel\u2010imaging factor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T18:34:22Z","timestamp":1752777262000},"page":"2086-2099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modeling the effect of in\u2010plane magnetic field gradients on asymmetric spin\u2010echo images with echo\u2010planar imaging readout"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7110-6617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Wallimann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich   Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Radiology &amp; Nuclear Medicine Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick L. 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