{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:55:37Z","timestamp":1791924937362,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCHI 498\/15\u20101 (package no. 997\/2)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCHI 498\/15\u20101 (package no. 997\/2)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop and evaluate a preparation protocol (recipe) for hydrogels with specific relaxation times and ADC values to be used as tissue\u2010like test materials for MRI experiments at 3 Tesla.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gd\u2010DTPA, agarose, and soy lecithin were used as modulators for T1, T2, and ADC. First, systematic measurements were performed to determine the relaxation\u2010 and diffusion\u2010modifying properties of the single substances and combinations of them. An algorithm was developed to determine the necessary concentrations of the ingredients to achieve predetermined sets of target values (T1, T2, and ADC). To validate this approach, hydrogels mimicking the relaxation and diffusion properties of different tissues (pancreas, white matter, fibroglandular tissue, liver, prostate) were prepared and evaluated. All measurements (relaxometry, diffusion\u2010weighted imaging) were performed on a 3 Tesla clinical scanner at 20\u00b0C.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proposed method allowed the preparation of hydrogels with specific diffusion and relaxation properties by adjusting the concentrations of Gd\u2010DTPA, agarose, and soy lecithin. Test phantoms containing hydrogels for simulation of various tissue types showed good agreement between targeted and measured properties, with deviations of less than 8% for T1, 7.5% for T2, and 11.5% for ADC. With the present approach, the properties (T1, T2, and ADC) of most known tissue classes could be well approximated; only the gray matter of the brain was slightly outside the selectable range. Temporal stability over 3\u2009months was acceptable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work provides a relatively simple, inexpensive, and reproducible method for the preparation of hydrogels with independently adjustable T1, T2, and ADC values at 3\u2009T.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T04:18:01Z","timestamp":1759724281000},"page":"1823-1832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Recipe for Hydrogels With Tunable Relaxation and Diffusion Properties for Use as\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    Test Materials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0601-9901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V.","family":"Fritz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University of Tuebingen  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Schick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University of Tuebingen  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334\u2010024\u201001181\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28779"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470869526.ch3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0730\u2010725x(86)91068\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910050606"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/028418519103200519"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0730\u2010725x(93)90420\u2010i"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880080627"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2047807"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo_00000404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"C.Pierpaoli J.Sarlls U.Nevo P.Basser andF.Horkay Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) Water Solutions as Isotropic Phantoms for Diffusion MRI Studies(2009)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070343"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25214"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28452"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23718"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.316115515"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2016.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2015.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334\u2010012\u20100348\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334\u2010022\u201001053\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910330117"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334\u2010019\u201000795\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334\u2010024\u201001166\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24944"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29543"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0730\u2010725x(88)90452\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/rli.0000000000000132"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334\u2010021\u201000970\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.1c09685"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527647941.ch1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-391927-4.10019-2"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","first-page":"194","article-title":"Diffusion\u2010Weighted MR Imaging in Normal Human Brains in Various Age Groups","volume":"23","author":"Helenius J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"AJNR. 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