{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T16:04:34Z","timestamp":1770912274487,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019462","name":"Saban Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019462","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Placental pathology is directly associated with adverse fetal outcomes congenital heart disease (CHD). However, in vivo placental dysfunction has been poorly characterized. We aimed to compare placental vascular reactivity (PLVR), the fetally\u2010mediated placental response to transient changes in maternal carbon dioxide (CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) quantified using BOLD MRI, in pregnancies with and without fetal CHD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a prospective study, placental BOLD MRI was acquired concurrently with maternal end\u2010tidal CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (EtCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) for 7\u20138\u2009min as pregnant women followed audio\u2013visual breathing cues. Following motion correction and manual delineation of placental anatomy, PLVR was computed using a coherence\u2010weighted general linear model between MRI signal and EtCO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      stimulus. Global PLVR was calculated as the mean of voxel\u2010wise PLVR across the placenta. Associations among PLVR, CHD status, and maternal health risks were analyzed using multiple, linear regression after correction for gestational age.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study included 103 pregnant women; 31 with fetal CHD (34\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9 gestational weeks) and 72 with healthy fetuses (30.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.9 gestational weeks). Gestational age at MRI was greater in the CHD group due to typical timing of CHD diagnosis. PLVR was lower in CHD (0.024\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02 \u2206BOLD\/mmhg CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) compared to non\u2010CHD group (0.03\u2009\u00b1\u20090.04 \u2206BOLD\/mmhg CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). Maternal diabetes has differential effects on PLVR in CHD versus non\u2010CHD groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present a novel, in vivo characterization of placental dysfunction in CHD. PLVR is reduced in placentas of CHD compared to non\u2010CHD pregnancies, providing evidence of impaired vascular integrity and corroborating previous histopathologic findings. Ongoing research is investigating the association between PLVR and fetal\/infant outcomes in CHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T04:44:26Z","timestamp":1762145066000},"page":"2232-2240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impaired Placental Vascular Reactivity in Congenital Heart Disease Quantified Using Blood Oxygen Level\u2013Dependent\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7871-6768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vidya","family":"Rajagopalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riya. M.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Borzage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal and Neonatal Institute, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Department of Regulatory and Quality Sciences, Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Detterich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jodie K.","family":"Votava\u2010Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1121480"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1430"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/S41390\u2010021\u201001521\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PLACENTA.2015.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/J.1469\u20100705.2001.00397.X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.15980"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ULTRASMEDBIO.2009.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RMR.0000000000000221"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2005.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12395"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/MRM.27447"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201016461\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PLACENTA.2015.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PLACENTA.2021.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000489123"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019190751"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100037\u20101599046"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.013051"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/UOG.27512"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/IJMS232315178"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PLACENTA.2016.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2015.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404\u2010007\u20100452\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.011541\/ASSET\/9E4A2D01\u201055A8\u201048C6\u2010BB18\u20107E4E5F87DBED\/ASSETS\/GRAPHIC\/JAH34941\u2010FIG\u20100001.PNG"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15344\/2394\u20101499\/2016\/118"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Effect of Gestational Diabetes and Maternal Hypertension on Gross Morphology of Placenta","volume":"31","author":"Ashfaq M. A. C.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/DCI17\u20100045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/EN.2015\u20101227"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.021793"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25893"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEUROIMAGE.2023.120448"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AJOG.2022.05.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5515"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMA.283.16.2122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS.1993.79.4.0483"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.EARLHUMDEV.2024.106079"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.108845"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00373"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246\u2010018\u20101876\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201063087\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PLACENTA.2017.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/UOG.7474"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00246\u2010002\u20100404\u20100\/FIGURES\/3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002\u20109378(11)90807\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PLACENTA.2018.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/UOG.20855"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","volume-title":"Medical Imaging 2016: Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging","author":"Dighe M.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24581"}],"container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.70159","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mrm.70159","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.70159","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T15:06:30Z","timestamp":1770908790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrm.70159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrm.70159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.70159","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-3194","1522-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-3194","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}