{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:54:19Z","timestamp":1791906859832,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010EB030497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010EB030497"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001395","name":"Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001395","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006775","name":"GE Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluate the feasibility of using perfused explanted human livers for validating intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eight (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098) explanted livers from deceased donors were obtained. The portal vein and hepatic artery of each explanted liver were connected to a perfusion system. IVIM data were acquired at four total volumetric flow rates (0, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2\u2009L\/min). For each IVIM dataset, diffusion coefficient (\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), relaxation\u2010corrected perfusion signal fraction (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      ), blood velocity SD (\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      ), and\/or pseudo\u2010diffusion coefficient (\n                      <jats:italic>D*<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) were estimated. Linear mixed\u2010effects modeling was performed to determine if the effect of applied flow, flow rate, and fibrosis stage on the estimated IVIM parameters was significant (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests), while correcting for temporal effect(s). Liver fibrosis stages were obtained from clinical histology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>D<\/jats:italic>\n                      was independent of applied flow and total volumetric flow rate (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2265\u20090.30).\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      was approximately zero when no flow was applied and a positive, non\u2010negligible value that was independent of flow rate with applied flow (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and \u2265\u20090.58 for applied flow and flow rate effects, respectively).\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>D*<\/jats:italic>\n                      were dependent on applied flow and flow rate (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.04 with flow rate effect size \u2265\u20090.69\u2009mm\/s per L\/min and 25.7\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/s per L\/min for\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>D*<\/jats:italic>\n                      , respectively). Significantly lower (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.01)\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>D*<\/jats:italic>\n                      estimates were observed for livers with moderate\u2010to\u2010advanced fibrosis (stages F2\u20104) compared to no\u2010to\u2010mild fibrosis (stages F0\u20101) (effect sizes = \u22120.74%, \u22120.60\u2009mm\/s, and \u221219.8\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                      <jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/s, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Perfused explanted human livers from deceased donors may serve as biologically accurate systems for validation of quantitative IVIM techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T12:58:02Z","timestamp":1763125082000},"page":"2291-2304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Validation of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    Using Perfused Explanted Human 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