{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T16:05:58Z","timestamp":1770912358670,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To understand the impact of lead winding near the Implantable Pulse Generator (IPG) on Active Implantable Medical Device (AIMD) transfer function (TF) models and RF\u2010induced heating inside human body during Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan at 1.5\u2009T for safety considerations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three AIMD systems: a Cardiac Rhythm Management (CRM), a Spinal Cord Stimulator (SCS), and a Deep Brain Stimulator (DBS) are used in the study. TF models were developed for various winding configurations and validated in accordance with ISO\/TS 10974. Heating predictions using human body models were evaluated inside three anatomical human models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results reveal significant variations in TF robustness and heating behavior across different systems and winding configurations. The CRM system demonstrated the highest TF robustness, whereas the SCS system showed the maximum variation. It was observed that the RF\u2010induced heating was lower for CRM and DBS systems with winding, whereas for the SCS system, the RF\u2010induced heating would be higher with different winding patterns. These findings emphasize the need for tailored MRI safety assessments for AIMDs, particularly for systems with thin lead insulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study highlights the importance of considering AIMD lead properties and patient\u2010specific winding configurations in MRI safety evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T18:16:07Z","timestamp":1763230567000},"page":"2305-2315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Excess\n                    <scp>AIMD<\/scp>\n                    Lead Winding Near the Implantable Pulse Generator on\n                    <scp>MRI RF<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Induced Heating"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Ziyu","family":"Zuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mir Khadiza","family":"Akter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farshad","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4908-2070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongbae","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Physics OSEL, CDRH, US Food and Drug Administration  Silver Spring Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ananda","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biomedical Physics OSEL, CDRH, US Food and Drug Administration  Silver Spring Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6944-2729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000444760"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/amajethics.2021.669"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"667","article-title":"Implantable Material and Device Regulation","volume":"23","author":"Tillman D.\u2010B.","year":"2021","journal-title":"AMA Journal of Ethics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tdmr.2005.859033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27194"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1522\u20102586(200101)13:1<105::aid\u2010jmri1016>3.0.co;2\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2586(200007)12:1<75::AID-JMRI8>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.71384"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28153"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27481"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/temc.2020.3040756"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"IEC 60601\u20132\u201033:2022 \u201cWebstore.iec.ch \u201d2022 https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/67211."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"ISO\/TS 10974:2018 \u201cISO. 2018 \u201d2018 https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/65055.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"E.Zastrow M. H.Capstick E.Cabot andN.Kuster \u201cPiece\u2010Wise Excitation Method for the Characterization of Local RF\u2010Induced Heating of AIMD during MR Exposure \u201dIEICE Proceedings Series 2014 18 (14P2\u2010H7)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tmtt.2014.2376523"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"\u201cAurora EV\u2010ICD MRI SureScan DVEA3E4 \u201dhttps:\/\/www.medtronic.com\/content\/dam\/emanuals\/crdm\/M991372A001E_view.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","unstructured":"\u201cSpectra WaveWriter System Implantable Pulse Generator Instructions for Use \u201dhttps:\/\/www.bostonscientific.com\/content\/dam\/elabeling\/nm\/91171765\u201004_Rev_A_Spectra_WaveWriter_IPG_System_IFU_EN_s.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","unstructured":"\u201cEterna Implantable Pulse Generator Model 32400 Clinician's System Manual \u201dEifu.Abbott 2025 https:\/\/manuals.eifu.abbott\/en\/detail\u2010screen.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/temc.2024.3464125"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031\u20109155\/55\/2\/n01"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/temc.2024.3395983"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.Yang M. K.Akter R.Guo J.Zheng andJ.Chen \u201cEvaluation of MRI RF\u2010Induced for Active Implantable Medical Implants in the Vicinity of Other Implantable Devices \u201dIEEE\/MTT\u2010S International Microwave Symposium\u2014IMS 2023 2023 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ims37964.2023.10188203.","DOI":"10.1109\/IMS37964.2023.10188203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tmtt.2020.3030789"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/temc.2025.3556975"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tmtt.2018.2851975"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","unstructured":"R. W.King G. S.Smith M.Owens andT. T.Wu \u201cAntennas in Matter: Fundamentals Theory and Applications \u201dNasa.gov. 1981 https:\/\/ntrs.nasa.gov\/citations\/19810045286."}],"container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.70187","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mrm.70187","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.70187","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T15:07:50Z","timestamp":1770908870000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrm.70187"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrm.70187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.70187","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-3194","1522-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-3194","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}