{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:02:25Z","timestamp":1790301745355,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019180","name":"HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101116811"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101116811"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019180","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020581","name":"Fondazione AIRC per la ricerca sul cancro ETS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IG2020\u201024946"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG2020\u201024946"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020581","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) beyond the brain through realistic simulations and to explore preliminary evidence that may be indicative of hypoxia in skull base chordomas (SBC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Each step of the QSM pipeline was optimized within an in silico framework consisting of (i) phase unwrapping, (ii) background field removal, and (iii) dipole field inversion, which were tested on a realistic phantom to generate accurate susceptibility maps. The optimized pipeline was then applied to seven SBC patients, analyzing tumor heterogeneity and correlating QSM features with the proliferation index (Ki\u201067), towards hypoxia assessment. A binary classifier was developed to distinguish low\u2010 and high\u2010proliferation tumors based on first\u2010order QSM features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The optimal phase unwrapping method combined with dipole inversion provided an error of 38.36\u2009ppm. The best strategy for background field removal exhibited the lowest error (from 49 to 53\u2009Hz). In SBC patients, tumor heterogeneity was observed, and a statistically significant correlation (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) was measured between Ki\u201067 versus QSM maximum value and interquartile coefficient of variation within the tumor volume (Spearman's coefficients of 0.8 and \u22120.8, respectively). The classifier achieved 85.7% accuracy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides a foundation for characterizing SBC through QSM, enabling indirect, non\u2010invasive identification of potentially hypoxic tumor regions. Further histological validation with specific hypoxia markers, such as HIF\u20101\u03b1, is nevertheless required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T04:10:51Z","timestamp":1764043851000},"page":"2092-2105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping in Skull Base Chordoma: In Silico Analysis and In Vivo Application Towards Indirect Hypoxia Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2737-5483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Fenech","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano  Milano 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