{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T16:06:20Z","timestamp":1770912380505,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"Helse S\u00f8r-\u00d8st RHF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"Helse S\u00f8r-\u00d8st RHF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"Helse S\u00f8r-\u00d8st RHF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["340439"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["340439"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["332555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["332555"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007793","name":"Stiftelsen Kristian Gerhard Jebsen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intrathecal contrast\u2010enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which uses a contrast agent as a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tracer, is an emerging technique for in vivo imaging of glymphatic function in humans. T1 mapping enables quantification of tracer concentrations; however, methodological limitations persist. This study aimed to enhance the utility of a standard Look\u2010Locker MRI sequence for quantifying tracer concentrations in both brain parenchyma and ventricular CSF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using a 3\u2009T MRI scanner, we conducted (i) optimization of a Look\u2010Locker T1 mapping protocol to determine T1 relaxation times in brain parenchyma and ventricular CSF, (ii) a phantom study to assess repeatability of T1 times estimation and the relaxivity constant\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      calculation, and (iii) a feasibility assessment in patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An optimized Look\u2010Locker protocol for T1 mapping enabled estimation of T1 relaxation times in brain parenchyma and ventricular CSF that compare with previously reported T1 times. The phantom study demonstrated repeatability of T1 time estimations. In six patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, the method proved feasible for estimating CSF tracer concentrations in brain and ventricular CSF over time following intrathecal MRI contrast injection (gadobutrol, 0.5\u2009mmol).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Optimizing a standard Look\u2010Locker T1 mapping protocol allowed for estimation of reliable T1 times in both brain parenchyma and ventricular CSF, and the subsequent determination of concentrations of intrathecal CSF tracer in the human brain, supporting its potential for studying glymphatic function. However, limitations with estimation of T1 times and the selection of relaxivity constant of the contrast agent reduce accuracy of concentration estimates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T05:26:27Z","timestamp":1764825987000},"page":"2169-2179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimized Magnetic Resonance\n                    <scp>T1<\/scp>\n                    Mapping for Estimation of Intrathecal Contrast Concentrations in Human Brain and Ventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Lars Magnus","family":"Valnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Oslo University Hospital\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Rikshospitalet  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trygve Holck","family":"Stor\u00e5s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Computational Radiology, Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research University Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svein Are Sirirud","family":"Vatnehol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Intervention Centre Oslo University Hospital\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Rikshospitalet  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Gj\u00f8vik, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Norwegian University of Science and Technology  Gj\u00f8vik Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geir","family":"Ringstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KG Jebsen Centre for Brain Fluid Research University Oslo  Oslo 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