{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T08:03:10Z","timestamp":1779091390912,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764720000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010127","name":"J\u00fcrgen Manchot Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010127","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of timed breathing in reducing respiratory motion artifacts in renal chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI and to assess potential differences in CEST effects between renal compartments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An electro\u2010pneumatic phantom with a kidney CEST model simulated variable respiratory motion and sequence\u2010synchronized breathing. Motion\u2010induced deviations from a static reference were quantified using the mean absolute error (MAE). Ten healthy volunteers (six females, four males; 25.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9\u2009years) and one patient (47\u2009years) with ccRCC (3.0\u2009\u00d7\u20092.2\u2009\u00d7\u20092.2) cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      were examined on a 3\u2009T MRI system using a multi\u2010echo gradient echo sequence with 15 Gaussian\u2010shaped saturation pulses (B\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.5\u2009\u03bcT,\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>ipd<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009100\u2009ms). CEST effects in cortex, medulla, and pelvis at 1.0, 2.0, and 3.5\u2009ppm were quantified by MTR\n                      <jats:sub>asym<\/jats:sub>\n                      analysis under timed and free\u2010breathing conditions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Timed breathing reduced motion artifacts in both phantom and in vivo data. MTR\n                      <jats:sub>asym<\/jats:sub>\n                      analysis exhibits visibly distinguishable and significantly different (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) CEST effects in renal compartments, with increased MTR\n                      <jats:sub>asym<\/jats:sub>\n                      values of (0.78%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.41%) at 1.0\u2009ppm in the cortex, (1.43%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.70%) at 2.0\u2009ppm in the medulla, and (\u22122.02%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.84%) at 3.5\u2009ppm in the pelvis. Significant differences (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in MTR\n                      <jats:sub>asym<\/jats:sub>\n                      values were observed between the patient and the healthy cohort.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Timed breathing improves renal CEST MRI by reducing motion artifacts and enabling detection of compartment\u2010specific CEST effects, highlighting its potential for biochemical characterization of renal tissue in clinical applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T05:36:23Z","timestamp":1764826583000},"page":"2194-2206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigation of Endogenous Renal\n                    <scp>CEST<\/scp>\n                    Contrast and the Influence of Respiratory Motion on a Clinical 3 Tesla\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    : An In Vivo and In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Patrik Jan","family":"Gallinnis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Dusseldorf  Dusseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0518-5695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedikt","family":"Kamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Dusseldorf  Dusseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1095-1283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl Ludger","family":"Radke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Dusseldorf  Dusseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rika","family":"M\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Dusseldorf  Dusseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna\u2010Katharina","family":"Juric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Dusseldorf  Dusseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2730-4250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Stabinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F.M. 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