{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T04:12:46Z","timestamp":1773029566948,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1922389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1922389"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emissions generated during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)\u2014including gradient coil induced electric fields and radiofrequency coil induced heating near nerve fiber\u2014may alter neural activation inside patients. This study investigates the combined effects of these emissions on vagus nerve activation in the presence of cuff electrodes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electromagnetic, thermal, and neurophysiological simulations were performed to quantify activation thresholds under MRI\u2010induced fields. The study examined the impact of gradient field exposure and RF\u2010induced heating, particularly for the trapezoidal waveform of the gradient coil with short pulse duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicate that the presence of the cuff electrode significantly reduces the activation threshold under gradient field exposure, while RF\u2010induced heating further decreases the threshold for stimulations with short pulse durations. In some scenarios, the reduced neuron activation threshold can be lower than peripheral nerve stimulation limits defined in IEC 60601\u20102\u201033.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate the potential risk of unintended vagus nerve stimulation in MRI environments, emphasizing the need for safety considerations in patients with implantable vagus nerve stimulators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T04:14:47Z","timestamp":1768623287000},"page":"2863-2872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unintended Vagus Nerve Stimulation From Cuff Electrode During\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    : Combined Effects of Gradient and Radiofrequency Fields"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2279-6357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lijian","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mir Khadiza","family":"Akter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Loyola University Chicago  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Kaula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ncor LLC  Arvada Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8998-9561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6944-2729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Houston  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14070675"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13528"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35013070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC53108.2024.10781632"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05493-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27382"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27909"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30470"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29861"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","volume-title":"ISO\/TS 10974:2018; Assessment of the Safety of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Patients With an Active Implantable Medical Device","author":"International Organization for Standardization","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JERM.2019.2913111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2024.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13889"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/59\/18\/5287"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2015.2506680"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"IT'IS Database for Thermal and Electromagnetic Parameters of Biological Tissues, Version 4.1","author":"Hasgall P. 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