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However, poor DCE\u2010MRI reproducibility from reliance on conventional T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010weighted MRI has limited clinical translation. We evaluated whether Dynamic Contrast Enhanced\u2010Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (DCE\u2010MRF), which directly generates quantitative T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      relaxation time constant maps, provides improved precision and statistical power for detecting treatment\u2010induced vascular changes compared to conventional DCE\u2010MRI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty female mice bearing orthotopic 4\u2009T1 breast tumors were randomly assigned to DCE\u2010MRF (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912) or conventional DCE\u2010MRI (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098) cohorts. Both methods acquired matched spatial and temporal resolution (23\u2010s) T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      measurements at baseline, 3\u2009h, and 48\u2009h post\u2010treatment with combretastatin A4 phosphate (120\u2009mg\/kg), a known vascular disrupting agent. Perfusion assessments were obtained with a pharmacokinetic Linear Reference Region Model (\n                      <jats:italic>RK<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>trans<\/jats:sup>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>ep,T<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and model\u2010independent initial area under the curve assessments and compared using Wilcoxon signed\u2010rank tests and Hedges' g effect sizes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      DCE\u2010MRF demonstrated 1.3\u2010to\u20105.1\u2010fold larger effect sizes for\n                      <jats:italic>RK<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>trans<\/jats:sup>\n                      across all regions and timepoint comparisons, and 1.3\u2010to\u20101.9\u2010fold larger effect sizes for tumor rim\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>ep,T<\/jats:sub>\n                      compared to conventional DCE\u2010MRI.\n                      <jats:italic>RK<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>trans<\/jats:sup>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>ep,T<\/jats:sub>\n                      at 3\u2009h post\u2010treatment in all regions, detected significant vascular recovery for whole tumor\n                      <jats:italic>RK<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>trans<\/jats:sup>\n                      and both whole tuomor and tumor rim for\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>ep,T<\/jats:sub>\n                      at 48\u2009h, whereas DCE\u2010MRI only detected significant changes at 3\u2009h.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DCE\u2010MRF's improved measurement precision and increased effect size translates directly to enhanced statistical power for detecting treatment\u2010induced vascular changes, positioning it as a more reproducible tumor perfusion assessment for animal models and eventually cancer patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:54Z","timestamp":1769990454000},"page":"3369-3385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dynamic Contrast Enhanced\u2014Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (\n                    <scp>DCE<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>MRF<\/scp>\n                    ) Improves Detection of Induced Vascular Perfusion Reduction in a Mouse Breast Cancer Model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0023-0044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina J.","family":"MacAskill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadette O.","family":"Erokwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2829-7451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuran","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio 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