{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:56:12Z","timestamp":1791305772842,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG066507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG066507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P41EB031771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41EB031771"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG080104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG080104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL149742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL149742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To apply the Magnetization Transfer Indirect Spin Labeling (MISL) MRI technique for quantifying tissue\u2010CSF water exchange in the human brain, and to investigate its utility in (1) evaluating tissue\u2010CSF water exchange within perivascular spaces (PVS), and (2) characterizing altered water exchange dynamics in pathologic conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MISL was implemented on a 3\u2009T MRI using off\u2010resonance magnetization transfer to label parenchymal water. The resulting exchange with CSF was captured via long\u2010TE 3D\u2010TSE readout to suppress parenchymal signals. CSF\u2010region\u2010specific quantification was achieved by atlas\u2010based segmentation. Studies were conducted in healthy subjects across age groups and in patient with metastatic brain tumor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MISL revealed widespread and regionally heterogeneous tissue\u2010CSF exchange, with the strongest signals observed in the PVS and areas adjacent to the choroid plexus. MISL signals were typically 2%\u20133% in the ventricles and subarachnoid space, and reached 3% in the cerebellar regions, suggesting tissue\u2010to\u2010CSF flow (TCF) in the range of 100\u2013300\u2009mL\/100\u2009mL\/min. The high MISL signals observed in the PVS (\u223c8.4%) indicated active tissue\u2010CSF water exchange, providing functional information of the PVS that conventional T2w imaging cannot capture.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Significant age\u2010dependent declines in TCF were observed across most brain regions, except for the third and fourth ventricles. In the tumor patient, MISL revealed elevated water exchange, even where no overt FLAIR hyperintensity was present.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MISL enables robust, non\u2010invasive mapping of tissue\u2010CSF exchange with high sensitivity and spatial resolution. MISL provides a unique window into tissue\u2010CSF exchange within PVS, which may reflect glymphatic function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T04:45:08Z","timestamp":1770698708000},"page":"3270-3283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Rapid Tissue\u2010\n                    <scp>CSF<\/scp>\n                    Water Exchange in the Human Brain Revealed by Magnetization Transfer Indirect Spin Labeling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Yihan","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0124-0631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kexin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Licheng","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging Kennedy Krieger Research Institute  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging Kennedy Krieger Research Institute  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6432-2944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qin","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7958-3787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris D. M.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Russell H. 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