{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T05:11:26Z","timestamp":1775279486631,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01EB034313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01EB034313"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To propose a brain tissue\u2010selective, optimized slice\u2010by\u2010slice  shimming for high\u2010resolution brain diffusion MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We incorporated actual gradient fields of the , , and  imaging gradient coils, which are already designed for fast switching and accessible to any MRI system, in the calculation of the shimming coefficients in dynamic slice\u2010by\u2010slice  shimming to minimize  field inhomogeneity (i.e., ) in deep\u2010learning segmented brain tissues. Diffusion MRI with oscillating gradient spin echo (OGSE) at 55\u2009Hz and pulsed gradient spin echo (PGSE) (approximated at 0\u2009Hz) were obtained in phantoms and healthy volunteers using a head\u2010only high\u2010gradient 3T MRI system. In each diffusion MRI acquisition, standard static volumetric shimming and the proposed shimming were applied separately, and mean\/axial\/radial diffusivities (MD\/AD\/RD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were estimated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to static shimming, dynamic shimming reduced the root\u2010mean\u2010square of voxel displacement of each slice by a maximum of 5\u201310 voxels in single\u2010shot EPI acquisition at 1\u20132\u2009mm in\u2010plane resolution in the phantom, and a maximum of 3 voxels in human brains. Improved accuracy of MD\/AD\/RD\/FA in the frontal lobe, brainstem, and cerebellum was observed by applying dynamic shimming and\/or two\u2010shot EPI acquisition. MD (55\u2009Hz)\u2013MD (0\u2009Hz) showed higher values in  FSE hypo\u2010intensity region by applying dynamic shimming. Furthermore, in phantom, the root\u2010mean\u2010square of  in areas with high gradient nonlinearity was reduced by 7\u2009Hz when incorporating the actual gradient field in dynamic shimming.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diffusion MRI with brain tissue\u2010selective, dynamic slice\u2010by\u2010slice  effectively improves diffusivity characterization in high\u2010resolution images.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T09:07:51Z","timestamp":1771405671000},"page":"3322-3332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Human Brain High\u2010Resolution Diffusion MRI With Optimized, Slice\u2010By\u2010Slice, Zeroth and First Order B0 Shimming in Head\u2010Only High\u2010Gradient MRI Systems"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"95","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1763-9540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Lan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MR Clinical Solutions &amp; 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