{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T05:12:53Z","timestamp":1778303573553,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002794","name":"Cancerfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P41EB028741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41EB028741"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01CA241817"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA241817"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006313","name":"Barncancerfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006313","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n Devising methodology to characterize and optimize acquisition schemes for biological tissues, such as the prostate, that produce model\u2010based synthetic diffusion\u2010weighted images and derived model parameters with predictable SNR improvement.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n The averaging effect (AE) in synthetic diffusion\u2010weighted images obtained through fitting of various signal decay models to signals measured over 21 linearly spaced b\u2010values between 0 and is determined with analytic expressions. Similarly, the standard deviation of a retrospective 2\u2010point ADC fit based on the synthetic data is analyzed. Furthermore, acquisition schemes that achieve constant SNR or constant AE for synthetic images over the same b\u2010value range are devised by means of numerical optimization using either a custom iterative method or a standard function optimizer. These acquisition schemes are verified by measurements on a phantom with a non\u2010monoexponential diffusion signal decay combined with a bootstrapping approach to increase the number of data samples.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The dependence of AE on model function and parameters is complex. Repeated measurements at specific b\u2010values can boost AE locally, while improvements in ADC uncertainty are particularly pronounced for repetitions of the higher b\u2010value. Optimization of acquisition schemes generally results in discrete b\u2010values, whereby the number of b\u2010values corresponds to the number of model parameters. Results from phantom measurements are in agreement with the theoretical predictions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The presented analytical calculations and numerical optimizations can be useful to improve acquisition schemes under various experimental conditions and clinical needs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T04:18:32Z","timestamp":1773980312000},"page":"460-468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimization of Diffusion MRI With Consideration of the Signal Decay in Biological Tissues"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8684-8982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Kuczera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0646-3893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan E.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Brigham Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29533"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Estimating Errors in Least\u2010Squares Fitting","volume":"42","author":"Richter P. H.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Telecommunications and Data Acquisition Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.168.2.3393671"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26831"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"Temperature and Concentration Dependence of Diffusion Kurtosis Parameters in a Quantitative Phantom","author":"Malyarenko D.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.16908"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28773"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01334.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-007-0795-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03915603241286064"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","volume-title":"Mathematical Methods of Statistics","author":"Cramer H.","year":"1922"}],"container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.70346","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mrm.70346","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.70346","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T04:37:57Z","timestamp":1778301477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrm.70346"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrm.70346"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.70346","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-3194","1522-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-3194","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}