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Here, we aim to achieve water\u2013fat separation for EPTI to improve fat signal removal for brain\/body imaging applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Theory and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A water\/fat separated EPTI (WFS\u2010EPTI) technique is developed, which leverages the intrinsic multi\u2010echo data provided by EPTI readout and introduces a novel strategy for highly\u2010accelerated spatiotemporal encoding and reconstruction to separate water and fat signals. Specifically, DIXON encoding is integrated into the spatiotemporal acquisition by acquiring the echo train at scheduled TEs and echo\u2010spacing, therefore modulating the rapidly changing fat phase evolution across EPTI readout into a more uniform, coherent manner (e.g., in\u2010phase and out\u2010of\u2010phase conditions for odd and even image series). This enables robust subspace representations even in the presence of fat signals. A joint subspace reconstruction is then proposed, which separately performs data consistency for each echo group to ensure fidelity, while jointly leveraging shared information to improve conditioning. Furthermore, an auto\u2010calibrated WFS\u2010EPTI is developed to improve motion robustness for abdominal imaging, and a data\u2010driven basis extraction is employed to address imperfect in\u2010phase\/out\u2010of\u2010phase conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both phantom experiments and in vivo human imaging across multiple body regions\u2014including brain, head\u2013neck, and abdomen\u2014demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proposed WFS\u2010EPTI can provide water\/fat separation in rapid acquisition and obtain high resolution, distortion\u2010free multi\u2010contrast\/quantitative imaging in the presence of fat signals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T20:30:44Z","timestamp":1775766644000},"page":"580-595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Water\/Fat Separated Echo Planar Time\u2010Resolved Imaging (\n                    <scp>WFS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>EPTI<\/scp>\n                    ) for Distortion\u2010Free Multi\u2010Contrast\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Zhangxuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Athinoula A. 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Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital  Charlestown Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard\u2010MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Polimeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital  Charlestown Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard\u2010MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9334-0968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zijing","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital  Charlestown Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8975-2775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuyixue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Athinoula A. 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