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We observed substantial overestimation of CSF signals in simulations, when diffusion was neglected and realistic proton density was applied. This work investigates the role of diffusion in steady\u2010state FLASH contrast formation and its implications for simulation\u2010based modeling and measurement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FLASH sequences were simulated using phase graph simulations using a synthetic brain phantom with and without diffusion and realistic PD values to show the contrast change. The impact of neglecting diffusion in synthetic training data was evaluated using a segmentation network trained on simulated data and tested on in vivo measurement. Experimental validation of the contrast change was performed using a 3D\u2010printed brain phantom using silicone oil as a low\u2010diffusivity compartment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Without diffusion, simulations showed CSF signal intensities higher than WM, resulting in a contrast change. Diffusion suppresses higher\u2010order echoes in long T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      tissues and is essential for achieving the T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010weighted steady\u2010state contrast. A NN trained without diffusion fails to generalize to in vivo data and measurements with silicone oil compartments confirm the contrast changes in low\u2010diffusivity media.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Diffusion is essential for realistic FLASH simulations of long T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      tissues such as CSF. Steady\u2010state FLASH contrast arises from the interplay of RF\u2010, gradient\u2010spoiling, and \u201cmulti\u2010TR\u2010relaxation\u2010spoiling\u201d governed by T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010decay and diffusion effects. For many quadratic phase cycling schemes, diffusion is required to obtain realistic T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010weighted contrast in MR simulations and should not be neglected in simulations or simulation\u2010based deep learning applications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T04:19:57Z","timestamp":1782101997000},"page":"1789-1797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>T1<\/scp>\n                    \u2010weighting in Steady\u2010State\n                    <scp>FLASH MRI<\/scp>\n                    \u2013Diffusion Is Not Only Supportive but Mandatory for the 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