{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T21:01:30Z","timestamp":1785445290358,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781222400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009794","name":"Breast Cancer Now","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014MayPR241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014MayPR241"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/S022732\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/S022732\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GA22\u201010953S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GA22\u201010953S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accurate arterial input functions (AIFs) are essential for quantitative dynamic contrast\u2010enhanced (DCE) MRI, yet direct measurement is challenging and population\u2010averaged AIFs neglect patient\u2010specific variability. Blind deconvolution provides an alternative by estimating patient\u2010specific AIFs directly from tissue data, up to a scale factor. This study compared\u00a0blindly estimated AIFs with carefully measured aortic AIFs in breast DCE\u2010MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Theory and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data from 25 patients with breast cancer were analyzed, each with a carefully measured AIF. Blind AIF estimates were obtained using model\u2010constrained deconvolution in the Perflab toolkit with both Tofts\u2013Kety (TK) and two\u2010compartment exchange (2CXM) tissue models. To help isolate AIF shape blind AIFs were scaled using cardiac output. These blind AIFs were compared with measured AIFs using scale\u2010invariant and scale\u2010dependent metrics which assess the similarity of the AIF shape.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blind estimates were obtained for all 25 patients with both tissue models. Compared with measured AIFs, blind estimates derived using the 2CXM showed stronger agreement across all metrics than those derived using the TK model. However, the weak correlation in scale\u2010dependent metrics suggests limitations of cardiac output scaling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blind AIF estimation using the 2CXM provides more reliable recovery of AIF shape and dispersion than the TK model in breast DCE\u2010MRI. While blind deconvolution shows promise for estimating local patient\u2010specific AIFs other scaling strategies may need to be employed in practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T05:26:59Z","timestamp":1781328419000},"page":"1947-1955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Blind Estimation Versus Direct Measurement of the Arterial Input Function in Dynamic Contrast\u2010Enhanced MRI of the Breast"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3974-1759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jake L.","family":"Cray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9183-8794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji\u0159\u00ed","family":"Vitou\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Scientific Instruments, Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic"},{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Brno University of Technology Brno Czech\u00a0Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2555-9428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radovan","family":"Ji\u0159\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Scientific Instruments, Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4453-0180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofya","family":"Titarenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6659-8365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David L.","family":"Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Leeds Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnmrs.2013.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27524"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21311"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21912"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22339"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/16\/011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/55\/16\/012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"4276","volume-title":"The Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","author":"Ji\u0159\u00edk R.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25619"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2019.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20227"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"R.Ji\u0159\u00edkandJ.Vitou\u0161 \u201cPerflab\u201d Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czechia. accessed March 30 2026 https:\/\/perflab.isibrno.cz\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21891"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.2940"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/54\/9\/023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22861"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0427(87)90125-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20201396"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2594(199910)42:4<746::AID-MRM17>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27456"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Mean Transit Time: Proof and Esophageal Example","volume":"16","author":"Klein H. 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