{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:48:30Z","timestamp":1790858910504,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["500888779\/RU5534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["500888779\/RU5534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To visualize and characterize the five most common kidney stone types based on their magnetic susceptibilities in MRI using QSM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three water\u2010based agar phantoms were constructed, containing a total of 53 ex vivo kidney stones of varying types and sizes. Seven different MRI multi\u2010echo gradient echo sequences were employed at field strengths of 1.5\u2009T and 3\u2009T. Each acquisition was repeated three times. Susceptibility maps were reconstructed and mean susceptibility values calculated for the individual kidney stones (normalized to the agar gel). Five of the most common kidney stone types\u2014carbonate apatite, calcium oxalate, uric acid, cystine, and struvite\u2014were investigated with respect to different sequence parameters and field strengths.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All examined kidney stones were reliably visualized as diamagnetic using QSM. Overall, good repeatability was observed for the mean susceptibility values and standard deviations of the individual kidney stones. Mean susceptibility values were highly consistent across acquisitions at both field strengths for kidney stones belonging to the five major types with diameters larger than 3.0\u2009mm (66% of all stones). The overall mean susceptibility values (\u00b1 SD) were\u2009\u2212\u20091.25\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16\u2009ppm for carbonate apatite, \u22121.08\u2009\u00b1\u20090.13\u2009ppm for calcium oxalate, \u22120.94\u2009\u00b1\u20090.17\u2009ppm for uric acid, \u22121.32\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16\u2009ppm for cystine, and \u22121.28\u2009\u00b1\u20090.28\u2009ppm for struvite.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data indicate that QSM is well\u2010suited to reliably visualize kidney stones and distinguish certain types among the five most common kidney stone compositions using MRI. This represents a crucial step toward in vivo imaging of suspected urolithiasis in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T04:35:52Z","timestamp":1780720552000},"page":"1846-1859","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of Kidney Stones: An Ex Vivo\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    Phantom Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8954-126X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lion H.","family":"M\u00fccke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Radiology Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010Universit\u00e4t Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg  Erlangen 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