{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:20:56Z","timestamp":1788153656592,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To address limitations in tricuspid regurgitation (TR) quantification by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), a new method is proposed to directly quantify TR volume (TR\n                      <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) using 4D Flow MRI with retrospective tricuspid valve (TV) annular tracking.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty patients with TR were prospectively enrolled. TR\n                      <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                      was quantified using four MRI\u2010based methods: (i) indirect, (ii) direct (2D phase\u2010contrast), (iii) 4D Flow with a static TV plane, and (iv) 4D Flow with dynamic annular tracking. Reproducibility and agreement were assessed in terms of TR grading against standard MRI\u2010 and TTE\u2010based methods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The dynamic 4D Flow method correlated strongly with all other MRI methods (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.77\u20130.81,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) but consistently yielded higher TR\n                      <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                      values. Compared with the indirect method, it showed a Bland\u2013Altman bias of 16\u2009mL (limits of agreement: \u221219 to 51\u2009mL), along with the highest agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.88). Agreement in TR severity grading was poor across methods (kappa\u2009\u2264\u20090.07), with dynamic 4D Flow classifying more cases as moderate or severe. Agreement with TTE was slight (kappa\u2009=\u20090.17,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.27) with concordant TR grading in 50% of patients. Inter\u2010observer reproducibility was excellent (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.99, bias\u2009=\u20090.7\u2009mL, kappa\u2009=\u20090.80).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      4D Flow with dynamic TV tracking offers a reproducible and potentially more sensitive method for TR\n                      <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                      quantification than conventional MRI techniques. Despite limited alignment with TTE, this technique may help overcome key imaging limitations and improve TR clinical evaluation, especially in complex cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T04:17:31Z","timestamp":1783657051000},"page":"2381-2395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>4D<\/scp>\n                    Flow\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Based Quantification of Tricuspid Regurgitation: A Possible Approach to Improve Measurement Repeatability"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9648-7711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Riva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"3D and Computer Simulation Laboratory IRCCS, Policlinico San Donato  San Donato Milanese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3362-4501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Pasqualin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Adult Congenital Disease Heart Centre IRCCS Policlinico San Donato  San Donato Milanese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7317-304X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Sturla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3D and Computer Simulation Laboratory IRCCS, Policlinico San Donato  San Donato Milanese Italy"},{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7140-0341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"Tondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodality Cardiac Imaging IRCCS Policlinico San Donato  San Donato Milanese Italy"},{"name":"Department of Radiology IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3974-5945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Saitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics Amsterdam UMC  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8038-5476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Tondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6709-7789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Zannoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Interventional Cardiology IRCCS Policlinico San Donato  San Donato Milanese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1024-1644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giandomenico","family":"Disabato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodality Cardiac Imaging IRCCS Policlinico San Donato  San Donato Milanese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3925-4441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Giese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research &amp; Clinical Translation, Magnetic Resonance Siemens Healthineers AG  Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7432-4815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Chessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Adult Congenital Disease Heart Centre IRCCS Policlinico San Donato  San Donato Milanese Italy"},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0914-314X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Spagnolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology IRCCS Policlinico San Donato  San Donato Milanese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9020-2188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Redaelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1700-8749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodality Cardiac Imaging IRCCS Policlinico San Donato  San Donato Milanese Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7115-0151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emiliano","family":"Votta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2019.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa554"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000001582"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.15278"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2021.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.07.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab395"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2020.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-15-51"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejechocard\/jeq053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-014-0367-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2014.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-025-03421-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-023-00942-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28076"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880030315"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880050509"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1880070410"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2004.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-017-0360-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"C.Liu \u201cBeyond Pixels: Exploring New Representations and Applications for Motion Analysis \u201d(Massachusetts Institute of Technology: 2009) PhD thesis."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2025.109151"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910300113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-015-0122-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/ryct.2020200004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab253"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.124.017638"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.101759"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccas.2025.103608"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-017-0426-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-025-03459-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2016.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-023-02893-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30163"}],"container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.70493","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mrm.70493","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.70493","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T04:49:50Z","timestamp":1788151790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrm.70493"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrm.70493"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.70493","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-3194","1522-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-3194","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}