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heavily T2\u2010weighted (hT2w) FLAIR protocol to resolve acute Mn\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      transport kinetics, as a proxy for Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , across the choroid plexus (ChP)\u2014cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) interface, in vivo. By quantifying intercompartmental Mn\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      dynamics, and comparing these with Gd\u2010DOTA, we sought to characterize blood\u2010CSF\u2010barrier (BCSFB)\u2010mediated tracer transport, combining high in\u2010plane resolution and 4\u2010min temporal sampling.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      hT2w\u2010FLAIR DCE MRI was conducted in anesthetized C57BL\/6 mice, receiving intravenous Mn\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      or Gd\u2010DOTA. Semi\u2010quantitative tracer kinetic modeling permitted regional and inter\u2010tracer comparisons.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mn\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      rapidly crossed from the vasculature into the CSF, across the ChP, with similar arrival times and time\u2010to\u2010peak across compartments. Mn\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      delivery into the ChP exhibited a 5.7\u2010fold steeper uptake rate (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.031) and a 5.6\u2010fold higher peak signal amplitude (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0028) than in the LV\u2010CSF. In contrast, Gd\u2010DOTA exhibited a 2.2\u2010fold shorter ChP plateau duration (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.034) and 2.2\u2010fold faster ChP clearance rate (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0047), compared to Mn\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Within the CSF, there were significant temporal delays with Gd\u2010DOTA relative to Mn\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      : a lengthened arrival (eight\u2010fold,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.045) and time\u2010to\u2010peak (six\u2010fold,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.024).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our hT2w\u2010FLAIR DCE\u2010MRI approach captured the early BCSFB transport window for Mn\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , providing distinct ChP and LV\u2010CSF kinetics at a higher temporal resolution and with reduced CSF signal contamination compared to prior approaches. These findings highlight that MRI tracer choice strongly shapes measured BCSFB kinetics, and supports the use of Mn\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      as a tool for probing compartment\u2010specific ChP transport.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T04:58:57Z","timestamp":1785128337000},"page":"2083-2091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Using Manganese\u2010Enhanced\n                    <scp>DCE<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    to Assess Blood\u2010Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier 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