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We aim to develop a 4D cardiac cine approach that requires no patient cooperation and is robust to irregular breathing, bulk motion, and cardiac arrhythmia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      2D real\u2010time (RT) spiral bSSFP with synchronized ECG was acquired in 4 cardiac orientations. In each orientation, the 2D slice was \u201cswept\u201d across the heart to provide volume coverage. Retrospectively gated slice\u2010to\u2010volume reconstruction (SVR) was then performed to reconstruct 4D cine with 1\u2009mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      voxel size and 25 cardiac phases. RT\u2010SVR and clinical standard breath\u2010hold short\u2010axis cine were acquired in 19 subjects, including 4 arrhythmia and 2 myocardial infarction patients. Biventricular volumes were measured, and blood\u2010myocardium contrast and boundary sharpness scores were compared.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The RT\u2010SVR approach successfully provided 4D cardiac cine for all subjects. Acquisition time was 8:33\u2009\u00b1\u20091:01\u2009min and 8:27\u2009\u00b1\u20092:06\u2009min (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.85), blood\u2010myocardium contrast ratio was 2.30\u2009\u00b1\u20090.58 and 2.38\u2009\u00b1\u20090.59 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.33), boundary sharpness was 1.11\u2009\u00b1\u20090.46 and 1.18\u2009\u00b1\u20090.53 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04), for RT\u2010SVR and breath\u2010hold cine, respectively. Bi\u2010ventricular volumes had good agreement, with an ejection fraction bias of \u22124.02% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and \u22122.30% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009= 0.10) for left and right ventricles, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The RT\u2010SVR approach enables 4D cardiac cine with comparable bi\u2010ventricular volumes, contrast, sharpness, and acquisition time compared to standard breath\u2010hold cine while providing additional motion robustness. This approach may be beneficial in patients that are non\u2010cooperative, children, and those with irregular breathing and\/or arrhythmia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T04:23:38Z","timestamp":1787199818000},"page":"57-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Motion\u2010Robust Approach for\n                    <scp>4D<\/scp>\n                    Cardiac Cine Using\n                    <scp>2D<\/scp>\n                    Real\u2010Time Acquisitions and Slice\u2010to\u2010Volume Reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8559-4404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ye","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9582-3848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anand A.","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2086-9569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon A.","family":"Detterich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics and Radiology Children's Hospital Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0996-3439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John C.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics and Radiology Children's Hospital Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5735-3550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishna S.","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-022-00871-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27898"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26745"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27354"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29522"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021203696"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocmr.2025.102673"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2007.895456"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2008.2007348"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2020.2974844"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32490-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27798"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2012.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2022.3176814"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocmr.2025.101887"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocmr.2024.101130"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30364"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20489"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-7807(03)00115-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21585"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28746"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25788"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","first-page":"539","article-title":"Standardized Myocardial Segmentation and Nomenclature for Tomographic Imaging of the Heart. 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