{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T06:05:18Z","timestamp":1789452318259,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PS 180473"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PS 180473"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN\u20102023\u201004002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN\u20102023\u201004002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n To improve brain water content measures relative to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by including a rapid T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n \u2010independent sequence to correct for CSF T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n errors.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Proton density (PD) was estimated from a 3D multiple echo gradient echo sequence by extrapolating to TE\u2009=\u20090 and then correcting for T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n losses using a T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n map from 3D MP2RAGE. To overcome errors in CSF T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n , a T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n \u2010independent single\u2010shot echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence was introduced to determine the CSF\u2010to\u2010tissue signal ratio and then rescale the resulting relative PD map into a quantitative measurement. The technique is demonstrated in phantom and five healthy subjects. In addition to producing PD scaled to CSF water content, the method enables calculation of CSF T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Phantom experiments confirmed the validity of the approach, reducing T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n error after EPI correction from 54.2% to 1.0% in comparison with an inversion recovery (IR) gold standard. In five healthy subjects, the average CSF reference correction factor was 1.48, and the mean CSF T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n error was reduced from (45.8%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8%) down to (1.1%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5%) compared to the IR gold standard. Regional PD measurements within the human brain were in agreement with previous literature.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction of a rapid T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n \u2010independent sequence enabled correction of CSF\u2010referenced PD maps, avoiding the difficulty of direct CSF T\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n measurement.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T05:34:56Z","timestamp":1789450496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Rapid\n \n T\n 1<\/sub>\n <\/scp>\n \u2010Independent Sequence for Cerebrospinal Fluid Water Standard Correction: Application to Improved Proton Density Mapping in Brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2994-0422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiarash","family":"Jalali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6501-9042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nashwan","family":"Naji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Seres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan H.","family":"Wilman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0470869526","volume-title":"Quantitative MRI of the Brain: Measuring Changes Caused by Disease","author":"Tofts P.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2004.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.23206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.20867"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2011.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.735290"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/qims\u201024\u20101602"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330\u2010015\u20104072\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Principles of Neural Science","author":"Kandel E. 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