{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T07:04:27Z","timestamp":1789974267079,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to evaluate the performance of our recently proposed double\u2010step multi\u2010pool Lorentzian fitting (DMPLF) method for extracting GuanCEST and other CEST signals in the human brain at clinical 3\u2009T, using MRS as the reference standard.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A simulation experiment was conducted to compare the performance of DMPLF with single\u2010step multi\u2010pool Lorentzian fitting (MPLF) based on 5,000\n Z<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010spectra generated using the Bloch\u2010McConnell equation. CEST signals extracted using two methods, including APT, GuanCEST, rNOE(\u22123.5), and MT, were correlated with the proton concentrations used in the simulation. An in vivo study was conducted in 26 healthy volunteers on a clinical 3\u2009T MRI system. GuanCEST signal extracted using two methods was correlated with MRS\u2010measured total creatine (tCr). Regional analyses based on DMPLF\u2010generated CEST maps were performed to evaluate tissue\u2010specific CEST signal differences between gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n In simulation,\n CEST<\/jats:styled-content>\n signals extracted by\n DMPLF<\/jats:styled-content>\n demonstrated stronger correlations with the corresponding proton concentrations than those extracted by\n MPLF<\/jats:styled-content>\n . In human study,\n DMPLF<\/jats:styled-content>\n generated high\u2010quality\n CEST<\/jats:styled-content>\n maps, and the extracted\n GuanCEST<\/jats:styled-content>\n signal was significantly correlated with\n MRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010measured\n tCr<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.66,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). Regional tissue analysis showed significantly higher\n APT<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n GuanCEST<\/jats:styled-content>\n signals in\n GM<\/jats:styled-content>\n than in\n WM<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and higher\n rNOE<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\u20133.5) and\n MT<\/jats:styled-content>\n signals in\n WM<\/jats:styled-content>\n than in\n GM<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The DMPLF robustly extracts multiple CEST signals, particularly the GuanCEST, which shows a strong correlation with MRS\u2010measured tCr. These findings demonstrate its superior performance over the single\u2010step MPLF method and highlight its potential for quantitative CEST analysis in clinical 3\u2009T MRI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T06:43:22Z","timestamp":1789973002000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparing Multi\u2010Pool Lorentzian Fitting Methods for Guanidinium\n CEST<\/scp>\n Quantification in the Human Brain at Clinical\n 3\u2009T<\/scp>\n : A Validation Study Using\n MRS<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Ziyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huabin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4453-8764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianpan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Tam Wing Fan Neuroimaging Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22761"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmre.1999.1956"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29241"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10651"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba3884"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4640"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2615"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910400105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26802"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2021.102867"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28433"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.040830"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3054"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","article-title":"D\u2010Glucose Uptake and Clearance in the Tauopathy Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Brain Detected by On\u2010Resonance Variable Delay Multiple Pulse MRI","volume":"41","author":"Chen L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30233"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.5310"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4937"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm907"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.03.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.23141"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2011.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3716"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27514"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29876"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.70082"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24315"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25795"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25581"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.70147"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2021.107011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30430"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2020.108827"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmrb.1995.1111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-019-01465-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.3834"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910390107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00520"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25990"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","first-page":"2085","article-title":"Magnetization Transfer MR of the Normal Adult Brain","volume":"16","author":"Mehta R. C.","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Neuroradiology"}],"container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.70599","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mrm.70599","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mrm.70599","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T06:43:23Z","timestamp":1789973003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mrm.70599"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mrm.70599"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.70599","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0740-3194","1522-2594"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0740-3194","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-2594","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"mrm.70599"}}