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All collected k\u2010space segments were retrospectively binned into multiple cardiac phases according to the recorded pulse signal timings and reconstructed using compressed sensing. In vivo experiments were conducted in 25 participants on a 3\u2009T MRI system. The segmented radial sampling scheme was evaluated and optimized, and results were cross\u2010validated with the reference using a single\u2010shot 3D GRASE acquisition. Test\u2013retest experiments were conducted to evaluate the reproducibility of pulsatility index (PI) measurements. Further optimization, including reconstructions at different in\u2010plane spatial resolutions, shortening the total acquisition time through retrospective down\u2010sampling, and whole\u2010brain imaging with increased through\u2010plane resolution, was performed to investigate improvements in scan efficiency and whole\u2010brain PI delineation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Consistent PI measurements were obtained using the proposed acquisition scheme with different numbers (\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) of radial spokes per segment, enabling improved scan efficiency with a higher\n                      <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Test\u2013retest analysis demonstrated good reproducibility in PI measurements (ICC\u2009=\u20090.89,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Higher spatial resolution improved spatial PI delineation, resulting in a systematic increase in mean gray matter PI values, presumably due to reduced partial volume effects. Further optimization, including retrospective down\u2010sampling and whole\u2010brain coverage at 3.5\u2009mm isotropic resolution, demonstrated robust whole\u2010brain PI measurements within a shorter acquisition time (&lt;\u20097\u2009min).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proposed technique enables reliable and efficient measurement of whole\u2010brain microvascular PI using segmented stack\u2010of\u2010stars radial acquisition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:08:19Z","timestamp":1790831299000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Whole\u2010Brain Cerebral Microvascular Pulsatility Imaging Using Dynamic\n                    <scp>pCASL MRI<\/scp>\n                    With Segmented Stack\u2010of\u2010Stars Golden\u2010Angle Radial Acquisition"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0889-5629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianrui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yining","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilip K.","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip B.","family":"Gorelick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5173-7059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lirong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University  Chicago Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of 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