{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:54:19Z","timestamp":1790927659322,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF1AG087306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1AG087306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P41EB029460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41EB029460"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n Ultra\u2010high field (\u2265\u20097\u2009T) and 3\u2009T MRI suffer from B\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n +<\/jats:sup>\n inhomogeneity and signal loss. Conventional metasurfaces that mitigate B\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n +<\/jats:sup>\n inhomogeneity and improve image SNR are \u201cfixed\u201d in nature and designed for a single Larmor frequency. This study demonstrates the feasibility of an adaptive metasurface utilizing voltage\u2010controlled capacitors to dynamically adjust electromagnetic properties for adjustable image enhancement at both 3\u2009T and 7\u2009T\n 1<\/jats:sup>\n H Larmor frequencies.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A 3\u2009\u00d7\u20093 unit\u2010cell prototype was developed using voltage adjustable capacitors (33.0\u201316.5\u2009pF) controlled by a 0\u20133\u2009V\u2009DC source. Bench characterization and numerical simulations were performed to evaluate frequency characteristics and B\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n +<\/jats:sup>\n distributions. Empirical data was acquired via GRE imaging and B\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n +<\/jats:sup>\n mapping on 3\u2009T and 7\u2009T scanners. Multiple devices were also evaluated in tandem at 7\u2009T to assess interference and spatial degrees of freedom.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Simulations and phantom imaging confirmed voltage\u2010dependent behavior. At 7\u2009T, decreasing capacitance to 16.5\u2009pF (3\u2009V) yielded a 4.30\u00d7 local SNR increase and a 60.0% boost in transmit efficiency. At 3\u2009T, maximum enhancement (1.65\u00d7 local SNR) occurred at 33.0\u2009pF (0\u2009V), demonstrating the ability of the device to adjust the optimal impedance between 128 and 300\u2009MHz. Multiple metasurfaces successfully operated simultaneously without mutual interference, enabling multiregion enhancement.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This work establishes the feasibility of an adaptive, low\u2010power metasurface for remote subject\u2010specific image enhancement. While the current enhancement was limited by the prototype's small size and capacitance range, the design provides a scalable foundation for future design iterations adaptable across different field strengths and potentially for multiple nuclei.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:16:02Z","timestamp":1790925362000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Adaptive Metasurface for Adjustable Magnetic Resonance Imaging Enhancement at\n 3\u2009T<\/scp>\n and\n 7\u2009T<\/scp>\n : A Feasibility Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3566-4010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul S.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine University of Pennsylvania 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9974-7662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wyger","family":"Brink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multi\u2010Modality Medical Imaging, Techmed Centre, University of Twente Enschede the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Detre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravinder","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 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