{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:46:29Z","timestamp":1791866789975,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010495","name":"Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010495","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010EB030497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010EB030497"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006775","name":"GE Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006775","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001395","name":"Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001395","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the feasibility of detecting prandial (i.e., meal) induced changes in microvascular flow in the liver, including changes in the spatial distribution of flow velocities, using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Thirteen (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200913) healthy volunteers underwent two liver MR exams: one preprandial after fasting and one postprandial after ingesting nutrition shakes. IVIM data were acquired four times: twice preprandial to evaluate repeatability using coefficients of variation (\n CV<\/jats:italic>\n ) and twice postprandial to evaluate meal\u2010induced changes relative to preprandial estimates. 4D flow MRI was acquired once pre\u2010 and postprandial to estimate portal venous flow rate, which was normalized by liver volume to evaluate correlations with IVIM. IVIM estimates of the diffusion coefficient (\n D<\/jats:italic>\n ),\n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n \u2010corrected perfusion signal fraction (\n F<\/jats:italic>\n \n c<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n ), blood velocity standard deviation (\n V<\/jats:italic>\n \n b<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n ), and spatial volumes associated with slow microvascular flow (\u03a9\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n ), fast microvascular flow (\u03a9\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ), and major vessels (\u03a9\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n ) were determined.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Significantly (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009\u2264\u20090.01) higher\n V<\/jats:italic>\n \n b<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n and \u03a9\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n volume and lower \u03a9\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n volume were observed postprandial compared to preprandial. The magnitudes of the postprandial changes in\n V<\/jats:italic>\n \n b<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n , \u03a9\n 1<\/jats:sub>\n volume, and \u03a9\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n volume (|median relative change|\u2009\u2265\u200910.2%, 48.4%, and 13.7%, respectively) were greater than the corresponding repeatability (\n CV<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20095.19%, 21.3%, and 8.13%, respectively). Significant (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.01) correlation between liver volume\u2010normalized portal venous flow rate and\n V<\/jats:italic>\n \n b<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n was observed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The potential of IVIM to detect physiological (e.g., prandial\u2010induced) changes in microvascular flow in the liver was demonstrated. IVIM data may need to be acquired in a fasting state to avoid confounding prandial effects on IVIM\u2010derived microvascular flow estimates.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T04:03:47Z","timestamp":1791864227000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prandial Effects on Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Quantification in the Liver"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9326-7203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory","family":"Simchick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. M. K. Muntasir","family":"Shamim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Anagnostopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8660-0853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Medical Physics University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0016-0317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Hernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Medical Physics University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.200.3.8756933","article-title":"Hepatic Artery Hemodynamic Responsiveness to Altered Portal Blood Flow in Normal and Cirrhotic Livers","volume":"200","author":"Iwao T.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.196.2.7617865","article-title":"Hepatic Artery Resistance Before and After Standard Meal in Subjects With Diseased and Healthy Livers","volume":"196","author":"Joynt L. 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