{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:51:20Z","timestamp":1791521480798,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010564","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Lungenforschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To introduce a robust approach for non\u2010contrast\u2010enhanced free\u2010breathing functional lung MRI based on independent component analysis (ICA), addressing key limitations of standard methods such as sensitivity to irregular breathing or irregular heartbeat.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repeated dynamic single\u2010slice MRI of ten healthy volunteers and twenty\u2010five lung tumor patients was performed in free breathing on a  MR\u2010linac using a 2D coronal cine bSSFP sequence, resulting in 143 datasets. Following motion correction, lung segmentation, and signal alignment, temporal ICA was applied to extract ventilation and perfusion components. Ventilation\u2010 and perfusion\u2010weighted maps were generated and compared to Fourier decomposition (FD) and matrix pencil (MP) analysis. Signal construction performance was evaluated using the Pearson correlation coefficient and nonparametric statistical testing, comparing the methods under regular and irregular breathing and heartbeat conditions. Map accuracy and robustness at low signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio (SNR) were additionally assessed in numerical\u2010phantom simulations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vivo, ICA effectively separated physiological lung signals, achieving significantly higher temporal agreement with original voxel time courses than both FD and MP (all ). Under all physiological conditions, ICA yielded the highest temporal correlations. In simulations, ICA maintained robust signal fidelity, especially under irregular breathing and low\u2010SNR conditions, preserving  of contrast in simulations, while FD and MP exhibited pronounced degradation and significantly reduced temporal correlations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ICA functional lung MRI provides a robust alternative to conventional techniques, enabling reliable ventilation and perfusion assessment from free\u2010breathing acquisitions, particularly in the presence of irregular respiratory patterns and motion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:38:23Z","timestamp":1791520703000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Independent Component Analysis for Non\u2010Contrast\u2010Enhanced Free\u2010Breathing Pulmonary Ventilation and Perfusion MRI"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4025-1204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Rozo Pardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC\u2010M) German Center for Lung Research (DZL)  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9739-2865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabea","family":"Klaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC\u2010M) German Center for Lung Research (DZL)  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8188-380X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Rabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Kurz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, a Partnership between DKFZ and LMU University Hospital Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF)  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1707-4068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Landry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Ricke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastian","family":"Sabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC\u2010M) German Center for Lung Research (DZL)  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Asklepios Lung Clinic Gauting  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6182-5039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olaf","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine","author":"Rozo Pardo L.","year":"2026"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021204033","article-title":"Pulmonary Functional Imaging: Part 2\u00a0\u2013\u00a0State\u2010Of\u2010The\u2010Art Clinical Applications and Opportunities for Improved Patient Care","volume":"299","author":"Gefter W. 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