{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T11:47:14Z","timestamp":1792583234569,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020098","name":"Innovative Health Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101253160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101253160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016036","name":"Health~Holland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CERTAIN\u20107T"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CERTAIN\u20107T"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016036","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Magnetic Resonance in Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate RF\u2010induced heating of stainless\u2010steel sternal closures at 7\u2009T proton MRI for simple loop and figure\u2010of\u20108 configurations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Simple loop and figure\u2010of\u20108 sternal closure designs were implemented on plexiglass rods and immersed in a hydroxyethyl\u2010cellulose phantom. Temperature was monitored by four fiber\u2010optic sensors during RF exposure at average power levels of 3\u2009W (conventional limit), 6\u2009W, and 25\u2009W for 10\u2009min. Electromagnetic simulations were used to calculate specific absorption rate distributions, which served as input for thermal simulations. Simulated and measured temperature increases were compared at the probe locations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At 3\u2009W, the maximum measured temperature increase was 0.12\u00b0C for the simple loop and 0.29\u00b0C for the figure\u2010of\u20108 configuration. At 6\u2009W, the corresponding increases were 0.38\u00b0C and 0.50\u00b0C, respectively, and at 25\u2009W they reached 1.30\u00b0C and 2.26\u00b0C. The simple loop configuration minimally affected the simulated B\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      and SAR distributions, whereas the figure\u2010of\u20108 configuration produced greater field perturbations and elevated local SAR, particularly between closely spaced wire segments. Thermal simulations reproduced the measured heating trends but consistently overestimated the measured temperature increase.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RF\u2010induced heating remained small under the investigated 7\u2009T exposure conditions, with maximum measured temperature increases below 0.3\u00b0C for both closure configurations at the nominal operating power of 3\u2009W. The figure\u2010of\u20108 configuration produced greater electromagnetic field perturbations and heating than the simple loop configuration, indicating a more favorable RF behavior for simple loop closures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.70638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T11:33:54Z","timestamp":1792582434000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of\n                    <scp>RF<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Induced Heating of Stainless\u2010Steel Sternal Wires at 7\u2009T\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3491-4631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathijs W. I.","family":"Kikken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology  Eindhoven the Netherlands"},{"name":"Computational Imaging Group for MR Therapy and Diagnostics University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lano","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Transplantation Center Utrecht University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa M.","family":"Mokhles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transplantation Center Utrecht University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7111-330X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander J. E.","family":"Raaijmakers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology  Eindhoven the Netherlands"},{"name":"Computational Imaging Group for MR Therapy and Diagnostics University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda W.","family":"van Laake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht the Netherlands"},{"name":"Transplantation Center Utrecht University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis W. J.","family":"Klomp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7283-0789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Busra","family":"Kahraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"753","article-title":"The Median Sternal Incision in Intracardiac Surgery With Extracorporeal Circulation; a General Evaluation of Its Use in Heart Surgery","volume":"42","author":"Julian O. 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