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Inclusion criteria were controlled trials and observational studies, population mean age 50\u00a0years and over with chronic musculoskeletal conditions, using mat\u2010based Pilates exercise. Outcomes included pain, disability, physical function and quality of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven studies were included, with a combined total sample of 397 participants (73% female). Pilates was significantly effective (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264 0.05) for reducing back pain, neck pain and pain associated with knee osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Additional significant disability, physical functioning and quality of life effects were found for back pain, osteoporosis, and knee OA. Overall Pilates was as effective as other exercise. Adherence to group exercise was good, but poor for home exercise. No significant adverse effects were reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pilates is a safe and effective exercise intervention for adults over 50 with a diverse range of musculoskeletal conditions which may otherwise put them at risk of becoming sedentary. Although no overall significant superiority was found over other exercise, participants reported psychosocial benefits particular to the Pilates group exercise, with enjoyment a possible positive factor in adherence. Further research on Pilates exercises for various pathologies could inform teaching and improve engagement with older adults, including those with chronic conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T10:29:18Z","timestamp":1621852158000},"page":"10-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["A systematic review of the effectiveness of Pilates on pain, disability, physical function, and quality of life in older adults with chronic musculoskeletal conditions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7806-7609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Denham\u2010Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health\u00a0&amp; Society University of Salford  Salford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6086-0502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynne","family":"Gaskell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health\u00a0&amp; Society University of Salford  Salford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Spence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health\u00a0&amp; Society University of Salford  Salford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Pigott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health\u00a0&amp; Society University of Salford  Salford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2012.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200006223422506"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M17\u20100496"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000883"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2019.102232"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Government actuaries department periodic review of rules about state pension age","author":"Clarke M.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200006223422507"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2015.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2008.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2015.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2015.09.002"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"Two different techniques in the rehabilitation treatment of low back pain: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Donzelli S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Europa Medicophysica"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2015.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbre.2016.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2018.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(18)30489\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525\u20101497.2006.00564.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1365"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"547","article-title":"The epidemiology of chronic generalized musculoskeletal pain. 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