{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T16:57:20Z","timestamp":1767891440780,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Musculoskeletal Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the effectiveness of a modified fear hierarchy on measuring improvements in movement\u2010associated fear in chronic low back pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A modified 3\u2010item fear hierarchy was created and implemented based on principles of graded exposure. This study was an exploratory analysis of the modified 3\u2010item fear hierarchy from a larger clinical trial data set. Both groups received pain education and exercise, either bodyweight or strength training. Both groups performed item one on the hierarchy, the squat. Only the strength training group performed item 2, the deadlift. Neither group performed item 3, the overhead press. Analysis of Covariance and stepwise linear regression were used to explore results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Improvement in movement\u2010associated fear was conditional upon graded exposure. Both groups improved in the squat movement (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.05), which both performed. Only the strength training group improved in the deadlift (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.01), and neither improved in the overhead press (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2265 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reductions in movement\u2010associated fear are conditional upon graded exposure, based on the use of a novel modified 3\u2010item fear hierarchy. Further research is needed to understand the utility of this tool in a patient\u2010led approach to co\u2010designing a graded exposure\u2010based intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T07:38:59Z","timestamp":1654501139000},"page":"25-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Reductions in movement\u2010associated fear are dependent upon graded exposure in chronic low back pain: An exploratory analysis of a modified 3\u2010item fear hierarchy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8053-308X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitchell T.","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Health Science Western Sydney University  Penrith New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie M. V.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Western Sydney University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Pain Impact Neuroscience Research Australia  Adelaide Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science Torrens University Australia  Adelaide Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Science Western Sydney University  Penrith New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Exercise Science University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(95)00021-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16506070902980711"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.84.2.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Explain pain","author":"Butler D. 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