{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:29:50Z","timestamp":1791836990771,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Musculoskeletal Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low back pain (LBP) is a common complex condition, where specific diagnoses are hard to identify. Diagnostic clinical prediction rules (CPRs) are known to improve clinical decision\u2010making. A review of LBP diagnostic\u2010CPRs by Haskins et\u00a0al. (2015) identified six diagnostic\u2010CPRs in derivation phases of development, with one tool ready for implementation. Recent progress on these tools is unknown. Therefore, this review aimed to investigate developments in LBP diagnostic\u2010CPRs and evaluate their readiness for implementation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review was performed on five databases (Medline, Amed, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, and CINAHL) combined with hand\u2010searching and citation\u2010tracking to identify eligible studies. Study and tool quality were appraised for risk of bias (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies\u20102), methodological quality (checklist using accepted CPR methodological standards), and CPR tool appraisal (GRade and ASsess Predictive).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 5021 studies screened, 11 diagnostic\u2010CPRs were identified. Of the six previously known, three have been externally validated but not yet undergone impact analysis. Five new tools have been identified since Haskin et\u00a0al. (2015); all are still in derivation stages. The most validated diagnostic\u2010CPRs include the Lumbar\u2010Spinal\u2010Stenosis\u2010Self\u2010Administered\u2010Self\u2010Reported\u2010History\u2010Questionnaire and Diagnosis\u2010Support\u2010Tool\u2010to\u2010Identify\u2010Lumbar\u2010Spinal\u2010Stenosis, and the StEP\u2010tool which differentiates radicular from axial\u2010LBP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This updated review of LBP diagnostic CPRs found five new tools, all in the early stages of development. Three previously known tools have now been externally validated but should be used with caution until impact evaluation studies are undertaken. Future funding should focus on externally validating and assessing the impact of existing CPRs on clinical decision\u2010making.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T01:38:59Z","timestamp":1697074739000},"page":"1482-1496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Diagnostic clinical prediction rules for categorising low back pain: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1284-9123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles James","family":"Hill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Keele  Newcastle under Lyme UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anirban","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Keele  Newcastle under Lyme UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Keele  Newcastle under Lyme UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Stapleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Keele  Newcastle under Lyme UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22583"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2015.9.5.689"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ajp.0b013e31822019d0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0004\u20109514(06)70024\u20101"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"The role of a decision support system in back pain diagnoses: A pilot study","volume":"13140","author":"Benditz A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402\u2010021\u201004080\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080239"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874\u2010022\u201001801\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001221"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.151167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891\u2010021\u201004854\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102288\u201014\u201040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/m14\u20100697"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/106698108790818477"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010019\u201006048\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41512\u2010019\u20100060\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(18)30489\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032844"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(18)30480\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2015.5723"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2011.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738111415044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12262"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23563"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","volume-title":"GBD compare data visualization","author":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/clep.s263646"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776\u2010015\u20100740\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776\u2010009\u20101391\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911\u2010019\u20100940\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586\u2010007\u20100402\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102474\u20108\u2010102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508\u2010199809000\u201000007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.08.242"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/106698109790818214"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606\u2010008\u20100623\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.1.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","unstructured":"Microsoft Corporation. (2023).Microsoft Excel. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/office.microsoft.com\/excel"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001744"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b375"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874\u2010018\u20100611\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","unstructured":"NHS England. (2014).Trauma programme of care pathfinder project \u2013 low back pain and radicular pain. Retrieved from:https:\/\/rcc\u2010uk.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/Pathfinder\u2010Low\u2010back\u2010and\u2010Radicular\u2010Pain_Final.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643\u2010016\u20100384\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0b013e31827b158f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891\u2010017\u20101549\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6600886"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/106698110x12595770849641"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.051474"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_153_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.0602"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000047"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50771"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2012.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.101501"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20090233"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-77244-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191852"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267892"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916\u2010023\u201002779\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj\u20102021\u2010069249"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010155\u20108\u2010201110180\u201000009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keab542"}],"container-title":["Musculoskeletal Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/msc.1816","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T15:27:10Z","timestamp":1703604430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/msc.1816"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/msc.1816"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/msc.1816","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-2189","1557-0681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-2189","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-0681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}