{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T10:46:33Z","timestamp":1792233993787,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Musculoskeletal Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low back pain from degenerative spine disease is the main contributor to years lived with disability globally. Although social support is a multifaceted construct with both health\u2010promoting and potentially deleterious effects on chronic pain, whether perceived social support modifies the pain\u2013disability relationship in lumbar degenerative spine disease remains unclear. We hypothesised that social support level would modify the pain\u2013disability association, with distinct predictor patterns of disability emerging for low\u2010 versus high\u2010support patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this cross\u2010sectional analysis of baseline data from the PROGRES cohort study, 156 pre\u2010operative patients with lumbar degenerative disease (mean age 60.0\u00a0years; 58.3% female) completed validated measures of pain (Visual Analog Scale [VAS] for radicular and axial pain, supplemented by the pain\/discomfort item of the EuroQol EQ\u20105D\u20105L [EQ\u20105D pain]), disability (Oswestry Disability Index [ODI]), health\u2010related quality of life (EQ\u20105D\u20105L), and perceived social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support [MSPSS]). Participants were stratified by median MSPSS score into low\u2010 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a083) and high\u2010support (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a073) groups. The primary outcome was the between\u2010group difference in pain\u2013disability correlations, tested with Fisher's z\u2010transformation and Benjamini\u2013Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction. The robustness of dichotomisation was confirmed using moderation analysis with MSPSS as a continuous variable.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After FDR correction, the correlation between EQ\u20105D pain severity and the ODI daily\u2010activities item was significantly stronger in the high\u2010support group than in the low\u2010support group (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.69 vs. 0.25; \u0394\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.44; P\n                      <jats:sub>FDR<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.005). Multiple regression models explained more variance of disability in the high\u2010support group (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a031.5%) than in the low\u2010support group (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a016.6%). Depression was a significant predictor of disability in both groups; in the low\u2010support group, it was the sole significant predictor (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.037), whereas in the high\u2010support group, radicular (leg) pain emerged as the dominant predictor (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.45;\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.50;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) alongside depression (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.83;\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.31;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.007). Higher perceived social support showed a small positive correlation with radicular pain intensity (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0+0.18;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.026), with no significant association with axial pain.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Perceived social support appears to influence which factors are most strongly associated with disability rather than uniformly buffering against it. The positive pain\u2013support correlation, restricted to radicular pain, is consistent with operant models of social support in chronic pain, in which clinically unambiguous symptoms may preferentially mobilise support. Brief screening of perceived social support may help inform individualised treatment planning in degenerative spine disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.70271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T10:11:46Z","timestamp":1792231906000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Social Support Modifies the Pain\u2013Disability Relationship in Degenerative Spine Disease: Evidence From the PROGRES Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4047-9922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Szczepa\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Neurosurgery Center for Neurologic Disorders 4th Military Clinical Hospital  Wroc\u0142aw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6781-7013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Mi\u0119kisiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vratislavia Medica Sp. z o.o Center for Orthopedics and Rehabilitation  Wroc\u0142aw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8286-7606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Ko\u017aba\u2010Goszty\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Neurosurgery Center for Neurologic Disorders 4th Military Clinical Hospital  Wroc\u0142aw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4211-9205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"\u015awi\u0105toniowska\u2010Lonc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Center for Heart Diseases 4th Military Clinical Hospital  Wroc\u0142aw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9819-2455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan","family":"Czapiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Neurosurgery Center for Neurologic Disorders 4th Military Clinical Hospital  Wroc\u0142aw Poland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences Faculty of Medicine Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology  Wroc\u0142aw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2009.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions","author":"Aiken L. 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