{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T21:06:29Z","timestamp":1760043989802},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,19]],"date-time":"2011-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1305763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mount Sinai J Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Substance abuse among American Indians has a long history that dates back to the colonial era. American Indian youth today continue to have one of the highest substance abuse rates when compared with other groups. Researchers have implemented American Indian youth substance abuse interventions that previously have worked in the general population, but studies have found that they are generally unprepared and poorly designed for American Indian populations. The lack of inclusion of American Indian populations in the interventional studies, poor understanding of American Indian diversity and cultures, and lack of consideration for the unique historical and sociopolitical context of each tribe were cited as reasons the interventions failed. It has been suggested that historical trauma plays a considerable role in American Indian youth substance abuse; however, much of this theoretical framework has yet to be rigorously tested. Contemporary trauma appears to contribute significantly more to American Indian youth substance abuse. The data on American Indian substance abuse are limited, but what is currently available appears to show a vast heterogeneity in the level of substance abuse among American Indian youth that varies across different American Indian tribes and geographical distribution. In summary, this article seeks to describe the special relationship American Indian tribes have with the federal government, review historical and contemporary trauma, review American Indian youth substance abuse and interventions today, and finally describe a unique intervention strategy that tribes in the Pacific Northwest are implementing in order to combat American Indian youth substance abuse. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Mt Sinai J Med 78:362\u2013372, 2011<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold> \u00a9 <jats:italic>2011 Mount Sinai School of Medicine<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,20]],"date-time":"2011-05-20T13:59:27Z","timestamp":1305899967000},"page":"362-372","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["American Indian Youth Substance Abuse: Community\u2010Driven Interventions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Dakotah C.","family":"Lane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","first-page":"253","article-title":"American Indians and alcohol","volume":"22","author":"Beauvais F.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res World"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2009.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services Office of Minority Health. American Indian\/Alaska Native profile 2010.http:\/\/minorityhealth.hhs.gov\/templates\/browse.aspx?lvl=2&lvlID=52. Updated February 9 2011. Accessed December 28 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","unstructured":"US Department of Commerce US Census Bureau OgunwoleS.We the People: American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States.http:\/\/www.census.gov\/prod\/2006pubs\/censr\u201028.pdf. Published February 2006. Accessed December 27 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e415842005-001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","unstructured":"US Department of Commerce US Census Bureau.The American Community\u2014American Indians and Alaska Natives: 2004.http:\/\/www.census.gov\/prod\/2007pubs\/acs\u201007.pdf. Published May 2007. Accessed November 12 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","volume-title":"Trends in Indian Health, 2002\u20132003 Edition.","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services, Indian Health Service"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Changing Numbers, Changing Needs: American Indian Demography and Public Health.","author":"May P.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-010-9347-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","first-page":"56","article-title":"The American Indian Holocaust: healing historical unresolved grief","volume":"8","author":"Brave Heart MY","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Indian Alsk Native Ment Health Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.9.1723"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(03)00340-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015390"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/GENP.133.4.435-451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.35.1.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15332640903110476"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025347130953"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264304268149"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.20094"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1185364"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5820\/aian.0203.1989.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1005203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","first-page":"A14","article-title":"Blood feud: a controversy over South American DNA samples held in North American laboratories ripples through anthropology","volume":"52","author":"Glenn D.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chron High Educ"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5820\/aian.1603.2009.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J023v14n01_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.64.5.856"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080802525678"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.146522"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.10.1464"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","unstructured":"Public Law 93\u2010638.Indian Self\u2010Determination and Education Assistance Act. 1994."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services Indian Health Service. Indian Health Service FY 2010 budget.http:\/\/info.ihs.gov\/Budget10.asp. Accessed February 19 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_2","first-page":"44","volume-title":"A Quiet Crisis: Federal Funding and Unmet Needs in Indian Country.","author":"US Commission on Civil Rights"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_2","volume-title":"The FY 2010 Indian Health Service Budget: Analysis and Recommendations.","author":"Northwest Portland Area Indian Health Board","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_2","volume-title":"Indian Health Care Improvement Act Provisions in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (P.L. 111\u2010148).","author":"Heisler EJ","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:AJCP.0000027000.77357.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.130.2.304"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2004.65.409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0002-9432.76.3.335"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20176"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_2","article-title":"Mental health and substance abuse characteristics among a clinical sample of urban American Indian\/Alaska Native youths in a large California metropolitan area: a descriptive study","author":"Dickerson DL","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.054171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e440422005-001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_2","volume-title":"Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders Among American Indians and Alaska Natives.","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5820\/aian.0501.1992.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.11.1594"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00253-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_2","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services Indian Health Service. Methamphetamine and Suicide Prevention Initiative 2009 fact sheet.http:\/\/info.ihs.gov\/Bhealth.asp. Accessed February 27 2011."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e384562004-001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_2","volume-title":"Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US.","author":"Sellers J","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.30.2.267"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200012000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfami.7.2.182"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(02)00157-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1099-9809.10.4.365"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_2","unstructured":"SteelquistR.Tribal Journeys: Welcoming. Ocean Explorer 2002.http:\/\/oceanexplorer.noaa.gov\/projects\/02tribal\/welcoming\/welcoming.html. Accessed January 13 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_2","volume-title":"Native Peoples of the Olympic Peninsula: Who We Are.","author":"Wray J.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"Cedar transforms canoe, carvers","author":"Preston D.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission News"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_2","unstructured":"WheelerT.American Indians pull with pride in Elwha.People's Weekly WorldAugust 26 2005.http:\/\/peoplesworld.org\/american\u2010indians\u2010pull\u2010with\u2010pride\u2010in\u2010elwha."}],"container-title":["Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmsj.20262","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmsj.20262","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/msj.20262","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T15:20:11Z","timestamp":1700493611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/msj.20262"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/msj.20262"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/msj.20262","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-2507","1931-7581"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-2507","type":"print"},{"value":"1931-7581","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}}}