{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T13:10:31Z","timestamp":1700399431449},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,24]],"date-time":"2002-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1024876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Concerns have been raised that inotropic agents may worsen function of dystrophic muscle due to structural fragility. Studies tested the hypothesis that force increments elicited by potassium (K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) channel blockade can be maintained during the course of repetitive stimulation. In vitro twitch force of <jats:italic>dy<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>dy<\/jats:italic> dystrophic mouse diaphragm was significantly lower than normal (796 versus 1271 g\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). 3,4\u2010Diaminopyridine (DAP) increased twitch force of dystrophic diaphragm by 111 \u00b1 12% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .0001) and increased force at stimulation frequencies of 5\u201350 Hz by 41\u201377%. During fatigue\u2010inducing stimulation, force augmentation by DAP was well maintained in dystrophic muscle throughout 25 Hz (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .0047) and 50 Hz (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .0059) stimulation. These findings indicate that the K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> channel blocker DAP augments the force of dystrophic muscle to values close to that of normal muscle over a range of stimulation frequencies. Furthermore, these functional increments can be achieved without causing force to eventually deteriorate below that of untreated dystrophic muscle during fatiguing stimulation. It is possible that DAP may be useful for the clinical management of a variety of disorders causing muscle weakness. \u00a9 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 71\u201378, 2002<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T11:53:08Z","timestamp":1033905188000},"page":"71-78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Improvement of <i>dy<\/i>\/<i>dy<\/i> dystrophic diaphragm by 3,4\u2010diaminopyridine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Erik","family":"Van Lunteren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Moyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.5_Pt_1.905"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410270411"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00370793"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1972.52.1.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4598(200010)23:10<1456::AID-MUS2>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","first-page":"195","volume":"7","author":"Dangain J","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mouse models of muscular dystrophy: gene products and function"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00586516"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","first-page":"70P","article-title":"The action of 4\u2010aminopyridines on the delayed potassium current in skeletal muscle fibres","volume":"252","author":"Gillespie JI","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1979.tb00109.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1983.tb01083.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(78)85503-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020088"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","first-page":"691","article-title":"Use of ion channel blockers in studying the regulation of skeletal muscle contractions","volume":"344","author":"Lin\u2010Shiau SY","year":"1991","journal-title":"Naunyn\u2010Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00386054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.10.1324"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)00975-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198912073212303"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.17.2153"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.41.12.1079"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01981414"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.5.8912741"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(00)00218-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.81.5.2214"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.3.9706055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.3.1009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(00)00198-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.2.601"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.79.3.738","article-title":"Effect of K+ channel blockade on fatigue in rat diaphragm muscle","volume":"79","author":"van Lunteren E","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(94)00112-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","first-page":"410","article-title":"ATP\u2010sensitive potassium channels and skeletal muscle function in vitro","volume":"267","author":"Wesselcouch EO","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Exp Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(95)00872-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5237.755"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; 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