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Virtually all appear to be varying manifestations of a mononeuropathy multiplex. Diagnosis requires that the patient should have had possible exposure to the only known vectors, <jats:italic>Ixodes<\/jats:italic> ticks, and also have either other pathognomonic clinical manifestations or laboratory evidence of exposure. Treatment with antimicrobial regimens is highly effective. The mechanism underlying these neuropathies remains unclear, although interactions between anti\u2010<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> antibodies and several peripheral nerve constituent molecules raise intriguing possibilities. 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