{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T23:36:10Z","timestamp":1767828970319,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,10]],"date-time":"2003-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1057795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Muscular dystrophy is associated with inflammation and fiber necrosis in the diaphragm that may alter ventilatory function. The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent in vivo ventilatory function in dystrophic (<jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic>) mice was compromised and to assess the impact of deletion of tumor necrosis factor\u2013alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1), a known proinflammatory cytokine, on ventilatory function, diaphragm contractility, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) distribution in 10\u201312\u2010month\u2010old <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice. Although the resting ventilatory pattern did not significantly differ between control and <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice, the ventilatory response to hypercapnia in <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice was significantly attenuated. Elimination of TNF\u2010\u03b1 significantly improved the hypercapnic ventilatory response and diaphragm muscle maximal isometric force. Long\u2010term TNF\u2010\u03b1 deletion also altered the myosin heavy chain isoform profile of the diaphragm. These data indicate that a blunted ventilatory response to hypercapnia exists in <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice, and that TNF\u2010\u03b1 influences the progressive deterioration of diaphragm muscle in <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice. Muscle Nerve 28: 336\u2013343, 2003<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,22]],"date-time":"2003-08-22T14:32:21Z","timestamp":1061562741000},"page":"336-343","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Ventilatory dysfunction in <i>mdx<\/i> mice: Impact of tumor necrosis factor\u2013alpha deletion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Luc E.","family":"Gosselin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacob E.","family":"Barkley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa J.","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen M.","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaspar A.","family":"Farkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8171316"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.4.1189"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65050-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005545325254"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1991.260.5.E727"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(94)90050-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.73.4.1282"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.1.8025746"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5488.2363"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90579-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3659917"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-4666(92)90076-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1999.4465"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.3.9909058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.14.1690"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.279.4.R1165"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.12.10.971"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65698-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.25.1.4481"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.15.8093"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071628"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(80)90470-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006812004945"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1993.265.3.C834"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01902149209020649"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.94.07030515"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1614521"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201x.2001.00824.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.5.7582314"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65624-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8966(00)00160-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clim.2000.4966"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8966(01)00198-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119464"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/352536a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","first-page":"391","article-title":"TNF inhibits myogenesis and downregulates the expression of myogenic regulatory factors myoD and myogenin","volume":"74","author":"Szalay K","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199603000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1999.277.2.C320"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200105110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.5.8630610"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; 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