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Operative results were compared with preoperative nerve conduction, clinical and demographic variables, and a multiple logistic regression analysis used to identify significant prognostic factors. Among 1268 surgical procedures that were identified, the overall surgical success rate was 69%. Preoperative nerve conduction study findings, greater age, lower symptom scores, longer disease duration, and male gender were significant predictors of poor outcome. Nerve conduction studies had the strongest effect, with patients with middle\u2010grade abnormalities having better results than those with either very severe or no abnormality. Surgical carpal tunnel decompression has a significant failure rate. The preoperative nerve conduction studies account for a proportion of the total variation in outcome. \u00a9 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. 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