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The electroencephalogram\u2013electromyogram polygraph reveals the most important information about the myoclonus of interest. Jerk\u2010locked back\u2010averaging and evoked potential studies combined with recording of the long\u2010latency, long\u2010loop reflexes are useful to investigate the pathophysiology of myoclonus further, especially that of cortical myoclonus. Recent advances in magnetoencephalography and transcranial magnetic stimulation have contributed significantly to the understanding of some of the cortical mechanisms underlying myoclonus. Elucidation of physiological mechanisms underlying myoclonus in individual patients is important for selecting the most appropriate treatment. 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