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Whether CIDP that is idiopathic (I\u2010CIDP) or associated with diabetes (CIDP\u2010DM) or MGUS (CIDP\u2010MGUS) differ in clinical presentation, laboratory features, response to treatment, and long\u2010term outcome is unclear, as is the relationship between these coexisting diseases and CIDP. In order to clarify this issue, we began a prospective follow\u2010up study. Thirty\u2010one consecutive patients with untreated CIDP, fulfilling the most restrictive diagnostic criteria, were enrolled over 18 months. Among the patients, 16 were diabetic, 7 had a MGUS, and 8 had an idiopathic CIDP. All patients were treated with IVIg, and the responders were treated again if they relapsed. In all three groups, improvement occurred after treatment. At the end of the follow\u2010up, there was no difference in clinical conditions between groups, but a significant difference existed in the number of relapses and of IVIg administrations. CIDP\u2010DM is a more severe disease, but with a significantly better response to IVIg and fewer relapses, than the other types that we studied. 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