{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:39:32Z","timestamp":1792651172718,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,31]],"date-time":"2006-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1154304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the myotoxins bupivacaine and notexin are employed for studying processes that regulate muscle regeneration after injury, no studies have compared their efficacy in causing muscle damage or assessing functional regeneration in mouse skeletal muscles. Bupivacaine causes extensive injury in rat muscles but its effects on mouse muscles are variable. We compared functional and morphological properties of regenerating mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles after notexin or bupivacaine injection and tested the hypothesis that muscle damage would be more extensive and functional repair less complete after notexin injection. Bupivacaine caused degeneration of 45% of fibers and reduced maximum force (P<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>) to 42% of control after 3 days. In contrast, notexin caused complete fiber breakdown and loss of functional capacity after 3 days (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). At 7 and 10 days after bupivacaine, P<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> was restored to 65% and 71% of control, respectively, whereas P<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> of notexin\u2010injected muscles was only 10% and 39% of control at these time\u2010points, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). At 7 and 10 days after bupivacaine, \u223c30% of fibers were centrally nucleated (regenerating), whereas notexin\u2010injected muscles were comprised entirely of regenerating fibers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The results demonstrate that notexin causes a more extensive and complete injury than bupivacaine, and is a useful model for studying muscle regeneration in mice. Muscle Nerve, 2006<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]],"date-time":"2006-08-01T23:34:06Z","timestamp":1154475246000},"page":"577-585","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Notexin causes greater myotoxic damage and slower functional repair in mouse skeletal muscles than bupivacaine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"David R.","family":"Plant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona E.","family":"Colarossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon S.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199112030-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01081.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","first-page":"547","article-title":"Destruction and regeneration of skeletal muscle after treatment with a local anaesthetic, bupivacaine (Marcaine)","volume":"107","author":"Benoit PW","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"1456","article-title":"Regeneration of entire skeletal muscles","volume":"45","author":"Carlson BM","year":"1986","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198315030-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199612000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-199101000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0491(94)00128-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1027387501614"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.066217"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-200204000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199902)22:2<174::AID-MUS5>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2003.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","first-page":"139","article-title":"Early ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle exposed to the local anaesthetic bupivacaine (Marcaine)","volume":"61","author":"Hall\u2010Craggs ECB","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(74)90176-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00219929"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(75)90140-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2003.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1999.7275"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2003.00171.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62333-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.2.534"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09687688609065451"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","first-page":"A1118","article-title":"Short\u2010term interleukin\u201015 treatment does not enhance functional repair following skeletal muscle injury","author":"Holmes AG","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Aust Health Medical Res Cong"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199107000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M108938200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","first-page":"1631","article-title":"Effect of cycloheximide administration on bupivacaine\u2010induced acute muscle degradation","volume":"94","author":"Ishiura S","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Biochem (Tokyo)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.83.1.197","article-title":"Biochemical aspects of bupivacaine\u2010induced acute muscle degradation","volume":"83","author":"Ishiura S","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199903000-00027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1998.275.6.C1548"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","first-page":"151","article-title":"A morphometric technique for the histological quantification of skeletal muscle regeneration","volume":"189","author":"Marlow SA","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00146.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(96)00015-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2","first-page":"184","article-title":"Density and composition of mammalian muscle","volume":"9","author":"Mendez J","year":"1960","journal-title":"Metabol Clin Exp"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8966(98)00070-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B1.8954"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","first-page":"208","volume-title":"Dangerous snakes of Australia","author":"Mirtschin PJ","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.3.1346"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00691863"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880140605"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_2","first-page":"221","article-title":"Regulation of dihydropyridine receptor and ryanodine receptor gene expression in regenerating skeletal muscle","volume":"433","author":"Pereon Y","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01381.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(92)90547-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Hypertrophy of rat extensor digitorum longus muscle injected with bupivacaine. A sequential histochemical, immunohistochemical, histological and morphometric study","volume":"181","author":"Rosenblatt JD","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00293401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)00068-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(68)90175-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.28.17247"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199507000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.1110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200209000-00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000080610.14265.C8"}],"container-title":["Muscle &amp; Nerve"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmus.20616","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mus.20616","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T09:35:39Z","timestamp":1697103339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mus.20616"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,31]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mus.20616"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.20616","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-639X","1097-4598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-639X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,31]]}}}