{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T05:42:12Z","timestamp":1792129332269,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,20]],"date-time":"2006-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1163980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Continuous epidural stimulation of lumbar posterior root afferents can modify the activity of lumbar cord networks and motoneurons, resulting in suppression of spasticity or elicitation of locomotor\u2010like movements in spinal cord\u2013injured people. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate that posterior root afferents can also be depolarized by transcutaneous stimulation with moderate stimulus intensities. In healthy subjects, single stimuli applied through surface electrodes placed over the T11\u2013T12 vertebrae with a mean intensity of 28.6 V elicited simultaneous, bilateral monosynaptic reflexes in quadriceps, hamstrings, tibialis anterior, and triceps surae by depolarization of lumbosacral posterior root fibers. The nature of these posterior root\u2013muscle reflexes was demonstrated by the duration of the refractory period, and by modifying the responses with vibration and active and passive movements. Stimulation over the L4\u2013L5 vertebrae selectively depolarized posterior root fibers or additionally activated anterior root fibers within the cauda equina depending on stimulus intensity. Transcutaneous posterior root stimulation with single pulses allows neurophysiological studies of state\u2010 and task\u2010dependent modulations of monosynaptic reflexes at multiple segmental levels. Continuous transcutaneous posterior root stimulation represents a novel, non\u2010invasive, neuromodulative approach for individuals with different neurological disorders. Muscle Nerve, 2006<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,20]],"date-time":"2006-11-20T13:11:27Z","timestamp":1164028287000},"page":"327-336","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":260,"title":["Posterior root\u2013muscle reflexes elicited by transcutaneous stimulation of the human lumbosacral cord"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Karen","family":"Minassian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilse","family":"Persy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Rattay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan R.","family":"Dimitrijevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Hofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helmut","family":"Kern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.73B3.1670432","article-title":"The anatomy of the cauda equina on CT scans and MRI","volume":"73","author":"Cohen MS","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg [Br]"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"183","volume-title":"Reflex activity of the spinal cord","author":"Creed RS","year":"1932"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1989.sp017759"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"465","volume-title":"Spinal cord reconstruction","author":"Dimitrijevic MR","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09062.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","volume-title":"Electrophysiological characteristics of H\u2010reflexes elicited by percutaneous stimulation of the cauda equina","author":"Dimitrijevic MR","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","series-title":"Progress in brain research","first-page":"317","author":"Eccles J","year":"1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199601000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"351","article-title":"\u00dcber die Beziehungen der Sehnenreflexe zur willk\u00fcrlichen Bewegung und zum Tonus","volume":"68","author":"Hoffmann P","year":"1918","journal-title":"Z Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100717"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","series-title":"Human reflexes, pathophysiology of motor systems, methodology of human reflexes","first-page":"277","volume-title":"New developments in electromyography and clinical neurophysiology","author":"Hugon M","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1666-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-004-0511-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1943.6.2.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-980X(95)00264-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.2.174"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"265","article-title":"Electrophysiological studies of nerve and reflex activity in normal man. 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