{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:40:04Z","timestamp":1792672804396,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,17]],"date-time":"2008-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1224201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have shown that manual stimulation of rat whisker\u2010pad muscles following facial\u2013facial\u2010anastomosis (FFA) restores normal whisking by lowering the proportion of polyinnervated motor endplates. Here we examined whether manual stimulation of the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) after FFA would also improve outcome. Blink responses to standardized air puffs were analyzed using video\u2010based motion analysis. Two months after FFA, blink capacity was impaired, as indicated by a largely increased minimum distance between the eyelids after air\u2010puff stimulation compared with intact rats (2.7 \u00b1 0.4 vs. 0.2 \u00b1 0.01 mm). Manual stimulation reduced this deficit by a factor of two (1.3 \u00b1 0.5 mm). The functional improvement after manual stimulation was associated with a 2\u2010fold decrease in the proportion of polyinnervated OOM endplates (21 \u00b1 10% vs. 42 \u00b1 10% without manual stimulation, 0% in intact rats). We conclude that manual stimulation is a noninvasive and simple procedure with immediate potential for clinical rehabilitation of eyelid closure following facial nerve injury. 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