{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T14:18:06Z","timestamp":1791901086009,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,18]],"date-time":"2009-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1237334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heart rate variability (HRV) has become an important parameter for the assessment of autonomic function in many areas of medicine. In particular, respiratory sinus arrhythmia measured during the deep breathing test (DBT) is often used. Results are usually expressed in common time\u2010domain parameters. A \u201cmost preferred measure\u201d has not yet been identified. We investigated the sensitivity of the DBT to the following anomalies: in\u2010test variance; shifts of mean heart rate; premature ventricular contractions; and breathing rate deviations. Frequency and magnitude of the anomalies were determined in a set of real DBTs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 514) and transferred to computer simulations to mimic realistic conditions. The sensitivity of standard deviation, mean circular resultant (MCR), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), and four types of expiration\u2013inspiration (E\u2010I) difference were quantified statistically. Median\u2010based E\u2010I differences, E\u2010I ratio, and MCR were most resistant to the anomalies. E\u2010I difference derived by median values should be used preferentially, providing the highest precision and independence from heart rate. 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