{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T23:55:56Z","timestamp":1787961356889,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,16]],"date-time":"2009-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1245110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscle and Nerve"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 30) and in patients with chronic sensory\u2010motor axonal neuropathy (CSMAN) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 30), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 30), multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 30), and primary muscular spinal atrophy (PMSA) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 15). GFAP levels, expressed as optical density, were increased in CSMAN (median = 1.05) compared to controls (median = 0.41; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and CIDP (median = 0.53, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). They were also increased in PMSA (median = 0.99) compared to controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) and MMN (median = 0.66; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). To differentiate CSMAN from CIDP and PMSA from MMN, we applied a cutoff of GFAP levels at 0.66, and we obtained good sensitivity and specificity. In neuropathies, serum GFAP correlated with summated sensory nerve action potential amplitudes (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.57; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0006) and disease severity (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.37; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0011). Thus, we propose serum GFAP as a marker of axonal damage and severity in chronic neuropathies. 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