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In this study, ultrasound\u2010guided near\u2010nerve measurements were validated against axon diameter counts in rabbits during a 15\u2010week regeneration period after a crush lesion of their peroneal nerve. The course of the nerve was determined ultrasonically, and the active near\u2010nerve needle electrode was maneuvered just next to the nerve under ultrasound guidance. Measured action potentials were compared with axon diameter counts from histological sections of these same nerves. A moderate to good positive correlation was found, which reached a maximum of 0.7 at a cut\u2010off of 3 \u03bcm, corresponding to the minimal size of the myelinated axons. Our results suggest that, following a similar validation study in humans, ultrasound\u2010guided near\u2010nerve neurography may be clinically useful when early evaluation of nerve activity is needed. Muscle Nerve, 2009<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,10]],"date-time":"2009-11-10T15:49:39Z","timestamp":1257868179000},"page":"967-975","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Histological validation of ultrasound\u2010guided neurography in early nerve regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Johan W.","family":"van Neck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. Stefan","family":"de Kool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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