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In 10 rabbits, bilateral crush injuries were made on the facial nerve by compression for 30 s with mosquito forceps, causing complete facial paralysis. Subthreshold continuous direct current ES with 20\u2010Hz square\u2010wave pulses was applied to the proximal stump on one side for 4 weeks. Vibrissae movement returned significantly earlier on the ES side, with a less variable recovery time. Electrophysiologically, the stimulated side had a significantly shorter latency, longer duration, and faster conduction velocity. Light and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the electrical stimulation also markedly decreased Wallerian degeneration. The average numbers of fluorescent, double\u2010labeled nerve cells were significantly different between the ES and non\u2010ES sides. This study shows that subthreshold, continuous, low\u2010frequency ES immediately after a crush injury of the facial nerve results in earlier recovery of facial function and shorter overall recovery time. Muscle Nerve 43: 251\u2013258, 2011<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21840","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,19]],"date-time":"2011-01-19T19:40:02Z","timestamp":1295466002000},"page":"251-258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Subthreshold continuous electrical stimulation facilitates functional recovery of facial nerve after crush injury in rabbit"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su Jin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Hyun","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won\u2010sang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.4.310"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","first-page":"107","article-title":"The natural history of Bell's palsy","volume":"4","author":"Peiterson E.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-197911000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000008154"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20758"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1978.sp012196"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","first-page":"249","volume-title":"The role of impulse patterns in maintaining and regulating contractile properties in intact and chronically denervated and stimulated rat skeletal muscles.","author":"Lomo T","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)91166-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","first-page":"430","article-title":"Facial palsy","volume":"47","author":"Bateman DE.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2000.7170"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2602","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-07-02602.2000","article-title":"Brief electrical stimulation promoted the speed and accuracy of motor axonal regeneration","volume":"20","author":"Al\u2010 Majed AA","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2005.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-186X(1996)17:4<293::AID-BEM5>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-200209000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","first-page":"563","article-title":"Cat hindlimb motorneurons during locomotion","volume":"57","author":"Loeb GE","year":"1987","journal-title":"IV. 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