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We evaluated the effect of suramin, a transforming growth factor\u2010beta 1 (TGF\u2010\u03b21) blocker, on fibrosis in <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice. <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice (6 months old) received suramin for 7 weeks. Suramin\u2010 and saline\u2010treated (control) <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice performed exercise on a treadmill to worsen disease progression. Immunoblotting showed an increase of TGF\u2010\u03b21 in <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> diaphragm, limb, and cardiac muscles. Suramin decreased creatine kinase in <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice and attenuated fibrosis in all muscles studied, except for cardiac muscle. Suramin protected limb muscles against damage and reduced the exercise\u2010induced loss of strength over time. These findings support a role for TGF\u2010\u03b21 in fibrinogenesis and myonecrosis during the later stages of disease in <jats:italic>mdx<\/jats:italic> mice. Suramin might be a useful therapeutic alternative for the treatment of dystrophinopathies. Muscle Nerve, 2011<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,24]],"date-time":"2010-11-24T16:53:22Z","timestamp":1290617602000},"page":"82-87","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Prevention of muscle fibrosis and myonecrosis in <i>mdx<\/i> mice by suramin, a TGF\u2010\u03b21 blocker"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Ana Paula Tiemi","family":"Taniguti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Pertille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00edntia Yuri","family":"Matsumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Humberto Santo","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Julia","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","series-title":"Myology","first-page":"1133","author":"Engel AG","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90579-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00019.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8966(02)00086-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.1288"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BernasconiP TorchianaE ConfalonieriP BrugnoniR BarresiR MoraM et al.Expression of transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b21 in dystrophic patient muscles correlates with fibrosis. 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